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The Liquidity Problem in Private Markets: Why Caribbean Businesses Must Plan Earlier for Exits, Valuation and Investor Confidence – Dawgen Global ## Executive Summary Private companies are the backbone of Caribbean economies. They create employment, preserve family wealth, serve local communities, support regional trade, and often represent the largest source of enterprise value for founders and shareholders. Yet many of these companies face a major strategic challenge: illiquidity. A business may be profitable, growing, and valuable on paper, but if shareholders cannot easily sell part of their ownership, attract new investors, restructure ownership, or create credible exit pathways, that value remains locked inside the company. This is not only a founder issue. It affects family businesses, start-ups, scale-ups, private investors, pension funds, family offices, employees, and potential acquirers. A recent World Economic Forum report, produced in collaboration with the Stanford Graduate School of Business Venture Capital Initiative, highlights that global venture capital is experiencing a liquidity squeeze. Venture-backed companies are staying private longer, IPOs and acquisitions have slowed, distributions to investors are under pressure, and secondary markets are becoming more important as a mechanism for capital recycling. For the Caribbean, this global trend carries an urgent lesson: liquidity must be planned, not hoped for. Many Caribbean businesses raise capital, grow operations, or bring in shareholders without clearly defining how investors may eventually exit. This can create disputes, valuation gaps, succession challenges, trapped wealth, and investor hesitation. To build stronger private capital markets, the region must improve valuation discipline, governance standards, financial reporting, shareholder agreements, tax planning, M&A readiness, and secondary liquidity mechanisms. Dawgen Global believes that liquidity planning should become a core part of every growth company’s strategy. Businesses that prepare early will be more attractive to investors, better positioned for acquisitions, more resilient during succession, and more capable of converting enterprise value into real financial outcomes. ## 1. Understanding the Liquidity Problem Liquidity refers to the ability to convert an asset into cash at a fair value within a reasonable period of time. Publicly listed shares are generally more liquid because they can be traded on an exchange. Private company shares, however, are usually much harder to sell. In private businesses, liquidity may be limited because: - We are Hiring Technology Officers - There is no active market for the shares. - The company’s valuation is uncertain. - Financial information may not be publicly available. - Share transfers may be restricted. - Buyers may require extensive due diligence. - Minority shareholders may have limited rights. - Tax implications may be unclear. - The company may not be ready for acquisition or investment. - Family or founder dynamics may complicate transactions. For many Caribbean companies, the issue is even more complex because domestic markets are small, capital markets are relatively shallow, and regional investment frameworks remain fragmented. A founder may build a valuable company over 20 or 30 years but still have no simple way to sell 20% of the business, bring in a strategic investor, reward employees with equity, or create an orderly succession plan. This is the essence of the liquidity problem: value exists, but the pathway to realize that value is unclear. ## 2. Why Liquidity Matters for Caribbean Businesses Liquidity is often misunderstood as something that only matters when a business is being sold. In reality, liquidity affects nearly every stage of a company’s development. ## Liquidity matters to founders Founders often have most of their wealth tied up in the business. Without a liquidity strategy, they may struggle to diversify personal wealth, fund retirement, manage succession, or reduce financial dependence on the company. ## Liquidity matters to investors Investors want to understand how they will eventually recover capital and generate returns. If exit routes are unclear, investors may demand lower valuations, stronger control rights, higher returns, or may decline to invest altogether. ## Liquidity matters to family businesses Family-owned companies often face generational transition challenges. If some family members want to remain involved while others want cash, the absence of liquidity mechanisms can create conflict. ## Liquidity matters to employees If companies introduce employee share ownership or stock-option plans, employees need confidence that equity may eventually produce real value. ## Liquidity matters to capital markets Private capital cannot recycle efficiently if investors cannot exit. Without liquidity, capital remains trapped and fewer resources are available for the next generation of businesses. ## Liquidity matters to economic development When capital is recycled from mature companies into emerging companies, the business ecosystem becomes more dynamic. Successful entrepreneurs become investors, mentors, and strategic partners. ## 3. The Global Liquidity Squeeze and Its Caribbean Relevance The World Economic Forum report describes a global venture capital environment where companies are remaining private for longer, exit activity has slowed, and capital recycling has come under pressure. The report notes that secondary markets are emerging as a critical mechanism to restore liquidity, although activity remains concentrated among larger, high-profile companies. While the Caribbean is not Silicon Valley, the underlying issue is relevant. Many private Caribbean businesses also remain private indefinitely. They may not be preparing for IPOs, and they may not have active strategic buyers immediately available. As a result, shareholders may hold ownership for long periods with few liquidity options. This creates a similar, though regionally distinct, problem: - Investors hesitate because exit options are limited. - Founders delay succession because valuation is unclear. - Family shareholders become locked into businesses they may not wish to manage. - Growth companies struggle to attract equity capital. - Private wealth remains concentrated and illiquid. - Businesses may be sold reactively rather than strategically. The lesson from global private markets is not that the Caribbean should imitate every advanced market structure. The lesson is that liquidity infrastructure matters. ## 4. Why Caribbean Companies Often Lack Exit Pathways Many Caribbean businesses are successful operationally but underprepared transactionally. They can serve customers, generate profits, and maintain market presence, yet still be unattractive or difficult to transact because of weaknesses in governance, reporting, documentation, or valuation. Common barriers include: ## 1. Weak financial reporting Potential investors and buyers need reliable financial information. If accounts are incomplete, inconsistent, unaudited, or not prepared in accordance with appropriate standards, due diligence becomes difficult. ## 2. Informal governance Founder-led businesses often operate through informal decision-making. This may work in the early stages, but investors usually require clear governance structures, board oversight, documented policies, and defined authority levels. ## 3. Unclear ownership arrangements Many private companies lack updated shareholder agreements, buy-sell provisions, drag-along rights, tag-along rights, pre-emption rights, or dispute resolution mechanisms. ## 4. Tax exposure Unresolved tax issues can reduce valuation, delay transactions, or discourage buyers. Investors want confidence that the company is compliant and that transaction structures are tax-efficient. ## 5. Founder dependency If the business relies too heavily on the founder’s personal relationships, knowledge, or decision-making, buyers may discount the valuation. ## 6. Lack of management depth Investors prefer businesses with competent management teams, not only visionary founders. ## 7. No documented growth strategy A buyer or investor wants to understand the future. Without a credible strategic plan and financial model, valuation becomes harder to support. ## 8. Limited M&A preparation Some businesses wait until a buyer appears before preparing for sale. By then, it may be too late to correct weaknesses that affect valuation. ## 9. No valuation benchmark Without a professional valuation, founders may have unrealistic expectations, and investors may be uncertain about pricing. ## 10. Limited regional buyer networks Potential buyers may exist across the Caribbean, North America, Europe, or the diaspora, but many businesses do not have structured access to those networks. ## 5. Exit Planning Should Begin Before the Exit One of the most important principles in private market strategy is this: The best time to prepare for an exit is years before the exit. Exit planning does not mean the business must be sold immediately. It means the company is being managed in a way that preserves optionality. A well-prepared company can choose from multiple liquidity pathways, including: - Strategic sale - Partial sale to a private investor - Private equity investment - Family office investment - Management buyout - Founder buyback - Employee ownership arrangement - Merger with a competitor - Regional consolidation - Dividend recapitalization - Secondary sale of shares - Stock exchange listing - Cross-border acquisition - Succession transfer The more options a company has, the stronger its negotiating position. Businesses that do not plan early often face forced decisions. They may sell under pressure, accept unfavourable terms, or fail to close transactions because they are not ready for due diligence. --- ## 6. Valuation Is Central to Liquidity There can be no credible liquidity without credible valuation. Valuation determines the price at which shares may be sold, investors may enter, founders may exit, employees may benefit, or family members may transfer ownership. However, private company valuation is complex because there is no daily market price. A proper valuation may require several methods, including: - Discounted cash flow analysis - Comparable company analysis - Comparable transaction analysis - Asset-based valuation - Earnings multiples - Revenue multiples - Scenario analysis - Venture capital method - Option pricing for complex equity instruments - Sum-of-the-parts valuation For Caribbean businesses, valuation must also consider: - Country risk - Market size - Foreign exchange exposure - Customer concentration - Regulatory risk - Tax environment - Liquidity discounts - Minority interest discounts - Key person dependency - Regional scalability - Quality of earnings - Working capital requirements - Governance maturity The objective is not simply to produce a number. The objective is to create a defensible valuation framework that supports negotiation, investor confidence, and transaction readiness. Dawgen Global believes valuation should be updated periodically for growth companies, family businesses, and private companies seeking investment or succession planning. ## 7. Governance Converts Private Value into Investable Value A business may be valuable to the founder but not yet investable to an external party. Governance is one of the main factors that converts private value into investable value. Strong governance helps answer critical investor questions: - Who makes decisions? - How are conflicts handled? - Are minority shareholders protected? - Are related-party transactions disclosed? - Are financial controls reliable? - Is there board oversight? - Are risks identified and managed? - Are shareholder rights documented? - Is succession addressed? - Is management accountable? Companies with stronger governance tend to be more attractive to investors because they reduce uncertainty. Key governance tools include: - Board or advisory board structure - Shareholder agreements - Buy-sell agreements - Conflict-of-interest policies - Delegation of authority matrix - Internal control framework - Risk register - Audit committee or finance committee - Management reporting pack - Succession plan - Code of conduct - Related-party transaction policy Good governance is not bureaucracy. It is value protection. ## 8. Secondary Liquidity: A Future Opportunity for the Caribbean The WEF report highlights the growing role of secondary markets in global venture capital. Secondary transactions allow existing shareholders to sell shares to new investors without requiring the company to raise new capital or pursue an IPO. For the Caribbean, secondary liquidity could become an important future development. A secondary transaction may be useful where: - An early investor wants to exit. - A founder wants partial liquidity. - A family shareholder wants to sell. - An employee shareholder wants to realize value. - A new investor wants exposure to a growing company. - A company wants to clean up its shareholder base. - A private equity investor wants to enter before a larger transaction. However, secondary transactions require discipline. They should not occur informally or without proper documentation. Important requirements include: - Updated financial information - Professional valuation - Transfer restrictions review - Board approval where required - Shareholder consent where required - Tax analysis - Buyer due diligence - Legal documentation - Disclosure standards - Regulatory compliance - Minority shareholder protections The Caribbean may not yet have broad secondary trading platforms for private company shares, but professional secondary transactions can still be structured on a case-by-case basis. Over time, the development of private market liquidity mechanisms could support deeper regional investment activity. ## 9. M&A Readiness: Preparing for Strategic Buyers For many Caribbean businesses, the most realistic exit route may be a strategic sale or merger rather than an IPO. Strategic buyers may include: - Regional competitors - International companies entering the Caribbean - Larger local groups - Private equity-backed platforms - Family offices - Diaspora investors - Suppliers or distributors - Customers seeking vertical integration - Management teams - Sector consolidators A company that wants to attract strategic buyers should prepare early. M&A readiness involves: - Clean financial statements - Quality of earnings analysis - Customer and contract review - Tax compliance review - Legal due diligence - HR and employment review - Intellectual property review - Technology and cybersecurity review - Environmental and regulatory review - Working capital analysis - Management presentation preparation - Data room creation - Valuation analysis - Negotiation strategy Businesses that prepare properly can command better valuations and reduce transaction delays. ## 10. Liquidity Planning for Family-Owned Businesses Family businesses are especially vulnerable to liquidity challenges. A founder may want to retire, but the next generation may not want to manage the company. Some family members may want dividends, while others want reinvestment. Some may want to sell, while others want control. Without planning, these tensions can damage both the family and the business. Liquidity planning for family businesses may include: - Family constitution - Shareholder agreement - Buy-sell arrangements - Succession plan - Independent valuation - Dividend policy - Governance structure - Family council - External board members - Partial sale to investors - Management buyout - Trust or estate planning - Tax structuring - Conflict resolution mechanisms The goal is to avoid forcing the business to carry unresolved family issues. Dawgen Global encourages family businesses to address liquidity and succession before conflict arises. ## 11. Liquidity Planning for Start-Ups and Scale-Ups Start-ups and scale-ups also need liquidity planning, even if they are years away from exit. Founders should consider: - What rights will early investors receive? - Can investors sell shares later? - Will the company allow secondary transactions? - How will employee equity be treated? - What happens if a founder leaves? - How will future funding rounds affect ownership? - What valuation method will be used? - What information rights will investors have? - What exit routes are realistic? - What governance milestones must be achieved? Key documents may include: - Shareholder agreement - Subscription agreement - Convertible note agreement - SAFE or similar instrument where legally appropriate - Employee share option plan - Founder vesting agreement - Investor rights agreement - Disclosure schedule - Board charter A start-up that handles ownership properly from the beginning will be easier to finance, govern, and exit later. ## 12. The Role of Tax Planning in Liquidity Tax planning is essential to liquidity. A transaction that looks attractive before tax may be far less attractive after tax. Key tax issues may include: - Capital gains tax - Transfer taxes - Stamp duties - Withholding tax - Dividend taxation - Cross-border tax treaties - Corporate restructuring - Share versus asset sale treatment - Estate and succession tax issues - Employee share option taxation - Tax losses - Related-party transactions - Substance requirements - Indirect tax exposure Tax should not be an afterthought. It should be integrated into liquidity planning from the start. Poor tax structuring can reduce proceeds, delay transactions, or create disputes after closing. ## 13. Building a Caribbean Liquidity Ecosystem The liquidity problem cannot be solved by individual companies alone. The Caribbean needs an ecosystem approach. Key components include: ## 1. Better private company data Investors need reliable information on private company performance, valuations, sectors, and transactions. ## 2. Professional valuation standards Independent valuation practices must become more common and more trusted. ## 3. Stronger shareholder documentation Companies should adopt modern shareholder agreements and transfer provisions. ## 4. M&A advisory capacity The region needs more structured transaction advisory services to connect sellers, buyers, and investors. ## 5. Investor education Private investors, family offices, and institutions need education on risk, valuation, liquidity, and governance. ## 6. Regulatory clarity Regulators should provide guidance on private placements, secondary transactions, investor classification, and disclosure standards. ## 7. Regional capital market development Stock exchanges and private market platforms could play a role in improving liquidity options over time. ## 8. Tax modernization Clear and predictable tax treatment can support investment and exit planning. ## 9. Founder and investor networks Liquidity improves when networks connect entrepreneurs, investors, advisors, and acquirers. ## 10. Governance culture Companies must understand that transparency and accountability are not optional when external capital is involved. ## 14. What Caribbean Businesses Should Do Now Businesses can begin improving liquidity readiness immediately. Recommended steps include: 1. Obtain an independent business valuation. 2. Improve financial reporting and management accounts. 3. Review tax compliance and transaction structuring. 4. Update shareholder agreements. 5. Establish or strengthen board governance. 6. Prepare a three-to-five-year financial model. 7. Identify realistic exit pathways. 8. Conduct an investor readiness assessment. 9. Build a data room for due diligence. 10. Review key contracts and legal docu

Good morning and welcome to another edition of Brass Tax Sunday which focuses on agriculture All aspects of it. Oh, oh, both plant and animal I am your host Ian Gibbs And with me in this studio this morning is our producer Technical operator John Stout. Good morning and Let me say a Harvey welcome to all of our listeners Across Barbados Throw the Caribbean and even further a field Because we know that this show reaches many many places Around the world including Africa Europe the UK the US Canada and so forth So a lot of people listen to it and we are very glad to have such a wide range of of people Listening to and participating in This program which is devoted to agriculture in Barbados. So thank you. Thank you again Well, we've been getting some nice showers What is still been hot? So, um, I hope you are taking all the necessary procedures to help to minimize the effect of this heat on your plants as well as on your lifestyle and Yeah, that heat can really take a toll. I was watching a of video on YouTube recently which compared the two breeds of dairy animals and how they responded to this heat that we have been experiencing not only the Caribbean but in North America some of those holes being caused are really suffering in North America from that extreme heat thousands of beef cattle have died because of it too But the video I was watching on on YouTube was comparing whole steam and the Garalando breed from Brazil which is a breed that the Brazilians have have produced especially for their climatic conditions which are very similar to ours high-heat, high humidity, low-quality far-age and so forth and that Garalando breed is doing exceptionally well So, dairy farmers out there I thought to think about what my men thought this morning is on the 2026 sugarcane harvest. Now I don't know if you have but I certainly have not seen any what might be termed as official figures for this last crop 2026. I did a little bit of google in this morning and what they came up with is that there were approximately 71,000 tons of kin harvested but it's sort of coincide to what coincides to what Marc's celiac of BSAL had to say a few weeks ago that the amount of kin harvested was approximately 30 30% or a third less than what it was last year so that 71,000 falls within that line. Now when I asked google again about how many acres were harvested I was told that it was between 4,000 and 5,000 acres Imagine that it would be very interesting to see or here what the rail figures are so that one through simple arithmetic can calculate the sort of the yields of tons of kin harvested per acre of kin grown. I think I have a sneaky suspicion why it might be I've been hearing a figure of around 5 tons of kin harvested per acre cut don't know if it is true would like to know but if it is so I don't know the word to describe that tell the honest truth. Now, if as Mr. Seely says that we are done approximately a third of what it was last year and I know there were a number of factors mitigated in that as well too but if that trend continues using simple arithmetic we are looking at and as I said if the trend continues we are looking at maybe three years more for the sugar cane crop and then it will be no more but it may go as they said if the trend continues even before then because there will be a time when it just simply isn't economically feasible to run the sugar factory given the small amount of kin that would be harvested. So the industry is on the horns of a dilemma what will happen will it be finished completely with in three years or so is that the ultimate aim is that what certain people want is that what you want the other question is if it goes what will you call or a main cultural event that is crop over festival what will you call it when there is no crop to be over a thought to pond another thing is that if it does go can it be replaced by something else one candidate is cotton our c island cotton which is undisputably the best cotton anywhere in the world full star we had and I believe we still have a guaranteed market for all of the cotton that we can produce oh at a very good price but then the question needs to be asked or begs to be asked if that is the situation why are any farmers out there growing any of our world famous c island cotton not one not a fella none zipo zilch zero none why and you need to grow it on a fairly large scale that would involve the larger farmers our larger owners of our beloved land and you notice the situation when it replaced the then what what they really want so would like to hear your comments and thoughts on these points and others that pretend specifically to agriculture in Barbados I think we have our first call good morning and welcome and welcome to you sir how are you thank you sir good morning yeah this uh so I would that's got my voice a bit and there's one little good thing about it is that it has some fertilizer in it so that's right I know you mentioned I already said some

Ten thousand revellers and 22 registered bands are expected to flood the streets tomorrow for the climax of the 2026 Crop Over Festival. FLOW 5G+Grand Kadooment will once again feature both heritage and party bands with only heritage bands competing for the festival’s coveted titles, as organisers continue with changes first introduced last year to improve the […] The post 10 000 for Grand Kadoo appeared first on nationnews.com.

Barbados enjoyed a silver-lined day at the Central American and Caribbean (CAC) Games in the Dominican Republic, with triathletes Matthew Wright and Finn Armstrong leading the way through outstanding individual and team performances. Wright captured silver in the men’s individual triathlon, while his combined effort with Armstrong also earned Barbados a team silver. The 34-year-old […] The post Armstrong, Wright lead silver surge appeared first on nationnews.com.

Eunice Kirton, one of Barbados’ newest centenarians, celebrated her 100th birthday on July 20, surrounded by the large family she raised and the community that has known her for a lifetime. The milestone also included a visit from President The Most Honourable Jeffrey Bostic, followed by a family luncheon in her honour. “She had ten […] The post Centenarian Eunice celebrates with family appeared first on nationnews.com.

The National Cultural Foundation today released the final placings in the 2026 Courtesy Garage Pic-O-De-Crop Finals powered by Q100.7FM. In addition to the top four places previously announced, former monarch Quon finished fifth. Half of the field failed to get 100 points. Position Tent Calypsonian Song Score 1 De Big Show Adrian Clarke Legends from […] The post Final Points: Pic-O-De-Crop 2026 appeared first on nationnews.com.

It was a Foreday Mornin’ unlike any other. With bright, dazzling colours lighting up the darkness, the vibes were set for a fantastic night of nonstop revellery as thousands of partygoers travelled to Vaucluse Raceway in St Thomas for Neon Carnival jouvert. Since launching a couple of years ago, Neon Carnival, staged by the teams […] The post A neon state of mind appeared first on nationnews.com.

St Philip and St John will receive the attention of the Ministry of Health and Wellness’ Vector Control Unit when it conducts its fogging exercise next week. There will be no fogging on Monday, August 3, which is Grand Kadooment Day, a public holiday. The Unit will begin in St John and St Philip on […] The post Fogging Schedule: August 4-7, 2026 appeared first on nationnews.com.

Members of the public are asked to plan their routes carefully on Monday. The National Cultural Foundation will be hosting Flow 5G+Grand Kadooment, and from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m., some roads may be impassable for have restrictions. Officers from the Barbados Police Service will be on hand to assist motorists. Road Closure On the […] The post Traffic Management: Grand Kadooment 2026 appeared first on nationnews.com.

Flight attendants at Canada’s second-largest airline WestJet have gone on strike during one of the busiest summer holiday weekends in the country. As of early Sunday morning, some 600 flights have been cancelled, according to the airline. The industrial action centres on issues related to pay, specifically compensation for work they do when the plane […] The post WestJet workers on strike, flights grounded appeared first on nationnews.com.

St John’s – The Antigua and Barbuda government has launched a fresh diplomatic effort to persuade the United States to remove the twin-island nation from recently imposed visa restrictions and the newly established U.S. Visa Bond Programme. Prime Minister Gaston Browne has written to U.S. President Donald Trump requesting a review of the measures affecting […] The post Antigua & Barbuda wants review of US visa restrictions appeared first on nationnews.com.

Effective midnight, August 2, consumers will be paying less for liquefied petroleum gas. The 100-lb cylinder will retail at $180.13, a reduction of $2.68, while the price of the 25-lb cylinder will drop to $50.13, a saving of 67 cents. The 22-lb cylinder will decrease by 59 cents to $44.28,whilethe 20-lb cylinder will go down […] The post LPG prices drop appeared first on nationnews.com.

Aisha Maina Secures USD 40 Million St Kitts Port Deal And Takes Trade Roadshow From Grenada To Jamaica And Trinidad - TEMPO Networks --> News Americas, ST. GEORGE’S, Grenada , Mon. Aug. 4, 2025: Aisha Maina, Managing Director of Aquarian Consult and founder of Gemini Integrated Commodities, has completed an intensive week of engagements, capped by a USD 40 million deal to build a Panamax deep-water port and special economic zone in Basseterre, St. Kitts, that unite policy, private capital and hard infrastructure around a single objective: forging a reliable commercial bridge between Africa and the Caribbean. At the signing of the USD$ 40m Port deal for St Kitts & Nevis: L-R (Middle): 1. Hon. Dr. Terrance Drew, PM, St. Kitts & Nevis, Hon Minister Samal Duggins, Minister of Agriculture et. Al, St. Kitts and Nevis, Miss Aisha Maina, Managing Director, Aquarian Consult, Mr. Eric Intong, Acting Group Managing Director, Client Relations, Afreximbank and Prof. Benedict Oramah, President, Afreximbank. The new port will anchor a 10 square kilometre special economic zone designed for agro-processing, light assembly and bonded warehousing. Feasibility studies begin in August, and financial close is targeted for Q1 2026. The facility is expected to create thousands of jobs and attract an additional USD 300 million in private investment. For Saint Kitts & Nevis, a nation of fewer than 60,000 people, the project positions the federation as a logistics hinge between 19 African and 12 Caribbean Commonwealth members. For exporters in West Africa, it removes a costly European detour and delivers end-to-end digital customs visibility. One Week, Three Strategic Touchpoints 1. Port Signing In Grenada – July 28th At the Afreximbank Afri-Caribbean Trade and Investment Forum in Grenada, Maina co-signed a USD 40 million Letter of Interest with Afreximbank and the Government of St Kitts & Nevis. Prime Minister Dr Terrance Drew witnessed the signing, while Honourable Samal Duggins, Minister of Agriculture and Marine Resources, signed for the island nation. The agreement finances a Panamax-capable deep-water port in Basseterre and a ten-square-kilometre special economic zone for agro-processing and light assembly. “Africa and the Caribbean need assets, not just aspirations. With this port we move from promise to throughput, from talk to tonnage. It is the physical backbone of a trade bridge that has been too long in the making,” Maina said on stage. Duggins added: “Fresh off the Afri-Caribbean Exchange, I proudly signed a landmark Letter of Interest with Afreximbank. Facility after facility, deal after deal, we are not just talking transformation; we are delivering it. The vision is clear, the progress is real, and the future is now.” 2. Caribbean Investment Forum In Jamaica – July 30th From Montego Bay’s main stage, Maina confirmed that feasibility and environmental studies for the Basseterre port will begin in August. She outlined a corridor that cuts Lagos-to-Basseterre sailing times to about seven days, eliminating costly European detours. “If private sector does not take charge of the process, we will remain where we have been. Retreat or defeat are not options,” she told delegates. 3. Trans-Atlantic Symposium In Trinidad – August 3rd Maina closed the week in Port of Spain, delivering the keynote “Why Caribbean and Africa Trade and Investment and Economic Cooperation Matter” at the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Symposium organised by the Emancipation Support Committee of Trinidad and Tobago. She connected port logistics, economic-zone clustering and new financing tools to broader goals of youth employment, food security and diversified exports. Project Snapshot Metric Detail Initial finance USD 40 million Berth capacity One Panamax berth, expandable to two Construction jobs 600 direct positions Follow-on capital USD 300 million projected private investment Studies launch August 2025 Financial close Q1 2026 First container Q4 2028 Regional and Global Implications Shorter transit times – Direct sailings remove European detours and lower freight costs. Value-addition hub – The special economic zone lets African raw materials be processed closer to North American markets. Commonwealth relevance – One of the Commonwealth’s smallest states will host a strategic maritime asset linking 19 African and 12 Caribbean members. Private-capital leadership – Gemini Integrated Commodities co-invests with Afreximbank, placing execution risk on balance-sheet owners rather than policy desks. Background Momentum began in March with the Afri-Caribbean Investment Summit in Abuja, followed by a June charter of an Air Peace 777 carrying 120 Nigerian entrepreneurs and policymakers to Basseterre. The Grenada signing, Montego Bay confirmation and Trinidad keynote now merge those earlier steps into a single infrastructure roadmap. About Aquarian Consult Aquarian Consult is a Nigeria-based advisory and investment firm specialising in trade facilitation, human-capital development and infrastructure. Through Gemini Integrated Commodities, the company designs and executes projects that connect African markets to global value chains, with a focus on Africa-Caribbean integration. Advertisements https://www.temponetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TEMPO-Logo-RGB-copy-300x300.png 0 0 https://www.temponetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TEMPO-Logo-RGB-copy-300x300.png 2025-08-04 21:14:38 2025-08-04 21:14:38 Aisha Maina Secures USD 40 Million St Kitts Port Deal And Takes Trade Roadshow From Grenada To Jamaica And Trinidad You might also like Guyana: The Only Country In The Americas Forecast For Double-Digit Growth Through 2027 GUYANA-ECONOMY- Finance Minister hails multi-million dollar agreement with World Bank Caribbean Heritage, Ozy Media Co-Founder Faces Up To 37 Years in Jail Stiell to oversee most important climate talks since Paris Exciting New Hotels Are Powering A Caribbean Tourism and Investment Boom CardnPay and Turks and Caicos Banking Company launch Mastercard Black and Platinum Debit Cards in the Turks… 0 replies Leave a Reply Want to join the discussion? Feel free to contribute! 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[Subscribe](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Newsletter/registration) ## Potential Growth and Productivity in the Caribbean By[Alexander Amundsen, ]()[Sophia Chen, ]()[Pierre Guérin, ]()[Sinem Kiliç Çelik, ]()[Masahiro Nishida]() August 8, 2025 [Download PDF](https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2025/english/wpiea2025157-source-pdf.pdf) [More Formats on IMF eLibrary](https://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2025/157/001.2025.issue-157-en.xml?cid=lk-com-dsp-imf.org) [Order a Print Copy](https://www.bookstore.imf.org/cart?isbn=9798229016650) Create Citation Share  Create Citation [More formats on IMF eLibrary](https://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2025/157/001.2025.issue-157-en.xml?cid=lk-com-dsp-imf.org) [Order a Print Copy](https://www.bookstore.imf.org/cart?isbn=9798229016650) ## Preview Citation Copy Format: Chicago Alexander Amundsen, Sophia Chen, Pierre Guérin, Sinem Kiliç Çelik, and Masahiro Nishida. "Potential Growth and Productivity in the Caribbean", *IMF Working Papers* 2025, 157 (2025), accessed 6/12/2026, [https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229016650.001](https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229016650.001) ### Export Citation .ris * ProCite * RefWorks * Reference Manager .bib * BibTex * Zotero .enw * EndNote **Disclaimer:** IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. ### Summary Medium-term growth prospects of Caribbean countries have weakened in recent years. We examine these trends by providing new estimates of potential GDP growth for the region. Our findings reveal a broad-based decline over time, driven by declining contributions from human capital and total factor productivity. Linking these factors to firm-level data, we identify significant scope for aggregate productivity gains through the efficient reallocation of resources between firms and the removal of firm-level structural obstacles. Addressing issues such as the cost and access to finance, workforce education, tax administration, and business licensing and permits are associated with higher aggregate welfare. **Subject: **[Human capital](), [Labor](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Labor), [Production](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Production), [Productivity](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/publications-by-subject?subject=Productivity), [Revenue administration](), [Tax administration core functions](), [Total factor productivity]() **Keywords: **Allocative Efficiency, Caribbean, Firm-level Analysis, growth accounting exercise, Human capital, IMF working paper 2025/157, Medium-term growth prospect, potential GDP growth, Potential Growth, Productivity, productivity in the Caribbean, Tax administration core functions, Total factor productivity ### Publication Details** * Pages: 48 * Volume: 2025 * DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229016650.001](https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229016650.001) * Issue: 157 * Series: Working Paper No. 2025/157 * Stock No: WPIEA2025157 * ISBN: 9798229016650 * ISSN: 1018-5941 ### You May Also Be Interested In... 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Coralia $1B Caribbean Tower Project 2026 Guide | TrekFeed - TrekFeed ## Coralia $1 Billion Project: A Guide to the Caribbean's Tallest Proposed Tower in 2026 A visionary architectural landmark is poised to redefine the Caribbean skyline. The Coralia Project, a groundbreaking $1 billion mixed-use development featuring the region's tallest proposed tower, represents one of the most ambitious construction initiatives ever undertaken in the Caribbean. Scheduled to advance significantly in 2026, this transformative project promises to combine luxury residential living, premium commercial space, world-class hospitality, and sustainable design into a single iconic structure that will stand as a symbol of Caribbean innovation and economic ambition. With a proposed height exceeding 300 meters (approximately 984 feet), the Coralia Tower would surpass existing Caribbean landmarks to claim the title of the region's tallest building. Located on a prime coastal site with panoramic ocean views, the development integrates cutting-edge architecture, smart building technology, and environmental stewardship to create a destination that appeals to investors, residents, businesses, and travelers alike. This comprehensive guide explores every aspect of the Coralia $1 billion project: architectural vision, development timeline, investment opportunities, sustainability features, economic impact, and what this landmark means for the Caribbean's future. Whether you're a potential investor, luxury real estate enthusiast, architecture aficionado, or simply curious about the region's most ambitious development, this guide provides the insights you need to understand this transformative project in 2026. ## Project Overview: Vision and Scale 📸 Photo by NEOM on Unsplash ### The Coralia Vision The Coralia Project embodies a bold vision for Caribbean development: creating a vertically integrated, sustainable urban destination that maximizes limited coastal land while delivering exceptional quality of life. Conceived by a consortium of international developers, architects, and Caribbean stakeholders, Coralia aims to establish a new benchmark for luxury, innovation, and environmental responsibility in the region. Core project objectives include: - Architectural distinction: Create an iconic tower that becomes a recognizable symbol of Caribbean modernity - Economic catalysis: Generate thousands of jobs, attract foreign investment, and stimulate related industries - Sustainable development: Achieve LEED Platinum or equivalent certification through innovative green building practices - Community integration: Provide public spaces, cultural venues, and local employment opportunities - Tourism enhancement: Offer world-class hospitality and observation experiences that draw international visitors - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Key Project Specifications While final details remain subject to regulatory approval and development phases, the Coralia Project's proposed specifications include: - Total investment: Approximately $1 billion USD across all development phases - Tower height: Proposed 300-350 meters (984-1,148 feet), making it the Caribbean's tallest building - Floor count: Approximately 70-85 stories including mechanical and observation levels - Total floor area: Estimated 500,000+ square meters of mixed-use space - Site location: Prime coastal parcel with direct ocean access and infrastructure connectivity - Development timeline: Groundbreaking targeted for late 2026, with phased completion through 2030-2032 - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Mixed-Use Components The Coralia Tower is designed as a vertically integrated community featuring diverse uses: #### Residential Component - Luxury condominiums: 200-300 high-end residential units ranging from one-bedroom apartments to multi-level penthouses - Smart home technology: Integrated automation for lighting, climate, security, and entertainment - Panoramic views: Floor-to-ceiling windows offering 270-degree ocean and island vistas - Private amenities: Residents-only pools, lounges, fitness centers, and concierge services - Price range: Estimated $500,000 to $5+ million USD depending on unit size and location - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. #### Commercial and Office Space - Premium offices: Class A commercial space targeting international corporations, financial services, and technology firms - Flexible layouts: Modular floor plans adaptable to diverse business needs - Business amenities: Conference centers, executive lounges, and high-speed connectivity infrastructure - Strategic location: Proximity to airports, ports, and regional business hubs enhances appeal - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. #### Hospitality and Tourism - Luxury hotel: 150-200 room five-star property operated by an international brand - Observation deck: Public viewing platform at the tower's summit offering 360-degree Caribbean panoramas - Rooftop dining: Fine dining restaurant and bar with unparalleled sunset views - Event spaces: Ballrooms and terraces for weddings, conferences, and cultural gatherings - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. #### Retail and Lifestyle - Ground-level retail: Boutique shops, cafes, and services accessible to residents and visitors - Wellness facilities: Spa, medical clinic, and fitness center serving the tower community - Cultural venues: Art galleries, performance spaces, and exhibition areas celebrating Caribbean heritage - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ## Architectural Design and Engineering Innovation 📸 Photo by Pietro De Grandi on Unsplash ### Design Philosophy The Coralia Tower's architecture reflects a harmonious blend of contemporary aesthetics and Caribbean sensibility. Led by an internationally renowned architectural firm, the design emphasizes: - Organic forms: Curved facades and terraced profiles inspired by coastal landscapes and marine life - Natural light: Strategic orientation and window placement maximize daylight while minimizing solar heat gain - Indoor-outdoor flow: Balconies, terraces, and sky gardens connect interior spaces with the tropical environment - Cultural resonance: Design elements referencing Caribbean architectural traditions reinterpreted through modern materials - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Structural Engineering for Hurricane Resilience Given the Caribbean's exposure to tropical storms and hurricanes, the Coralia Tower incorporates advanced engineering solutions: - Reinforced concrete core: Central structural spine designed to withstand extreme wind loads and seismic activity - Tuned mass damper: Internal counterweight system reducing building sway during high winds - Impact-resistant glazing: Laminated glass windows tested to withstand hurricane-force projectiles - Redundant systems: Backup power, water, and communications infrastructure ensuring continuity during emergencies - Elevated mechanical floors: Critical equipment positioned above potential storm surge levels - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Sustainable Building Features Environmental sustainability is central to the Coralia Project's design: - Energy efficiency: High-performance building envelope, LED lighting, and smart HVAC systems reducing energy consumption by 40-60% compared to conventional towers - Renewable energy: Building-integrated photovoltaics and potential wind turbines contributing to on-site power generation - Water conservation: Rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and low-flow fixtures minimizing freshwater demand - Green materials: Locally sourced, recycled, and low-emission construction materials reducing embodied carbon - Biodiversity enhancement: Vertical gardens, green roofs, and native landscaping supporting local ecosystems - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ## Development Timeline and Current Status 📸 Photo by Luca Bravo on Unsplash ### Phased Development Approach The Coralia Project follows a multi-phase strategy to manage complexity, secure financing, and minimize disruption: Phase 1: Pre-Development (2024-2026) - Site acquisition and environmental assessments completed - Architectural and engineering designs finalized - Regulatory approvals and permits secured - Anchor tenants and pre-sales initiatives launched - Infrastructure upgrades coordinated with local authorities - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. Phase 2: Foundation and Core Construction (2026-2028) - Groundbreaking ceremony and site mobilization - Deep foundation work including pilings and basement levels - Core construction rising floor by floor - Early procurement of long-lead materials and systems - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. Phase 3: Tower Completion and Fit-Out (2028-2030) - Structural topping out and exterior facade installation - Interior build-out of residential, commercial, and hospitality spaces - Installation of mechanical, electrical, and technology systems - Landscaping, public realm, and ancillary facility completion - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. Phase 4: Commissioning and Occupancy (2030-2032) - Systems testing, inspections, and certifications - Phased occupancy beginning with commercial and hospitality components - Residential move-ins and full operational launch - Post-occupancy evaluation and optimization - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### 2026 Milestones For stakeholders tracking the project in 2026, key developments include: - Regulatory finalization: Completion of all permitting processes with national and local authorities - Financial close: Securing of construction financing and investment commitments - Contractor selection: Appointment of general contractor and major subcontractors - Pre-sales launch: Opening of residential and commercial unit reservations for qualified buyers - Site preparation: Initial earthwork, utility relocation, and construction logistics setup - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ## Investment and Ownership Opportunities 📸 Photo by Dino Reichmuth on Unsplash ### Residential Pre-Sales Prospective buyers can participate in the Coralia Project through residential unit pre-sales: - Reservation process: Submit expression of interest with refundable deposit to secure priority selection - Unit selection: Choose from available floor plans, orientations, and finish packages - Purchase agreement: Execute contract with staged payment schedule aligned to construction milestones - Financing options: Coordinate with preferred lenders offering construction-to-permanent loans - Customization: Select interior finishes, fixtures, and smart home features within designated tiers - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. Estimated pricing (subject to final confirmation): - One-bedroom residences: $500,000 - $900,000 USD - Two-bedroom residences: $900,000 - $1.8 million USD - Three-bedroom residences: $1.8 - $3.5 million USD - Penthouse collections: $3.5 - $5+ million USD - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Commercial Leasing Businesses seeking premium Caribbean office space can explore leasing opportunities: - Full-floor leases: Entire floors for corporate headquarters or regional offices - Multi-tenant suites: Flexible spaces for professional services, technology firms, or financial institutions - Ground-floor retail: High-visibility locations for luxury brands, restaurants, or lifestyle services - Long-term incentives: Favorable terms for anchor tenants committing early in the development cycle - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Institutional Investment The Coralia Project offers opportunities for institutional capital: - Equity participation: Direct investment in the development entity with proportional returns - Debt financing: Senior or mezzanine loans secured by project assets and cash flows - Joint ventures: Strategic partnerships with experienced Caribbean developers or operators - REIT structures: Potential for future public listing of stabilized income-producing components - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ## Economic Impact and Regional Benefits 📸 Photo by Mesut Kaya on Unsplash ### Job Creation and Workforce Development The Coralia Project is expected to generate substantial employment across multiple phases: - Construction jobs: 2,000-3,000 direct positions during peak building activity, plus indirect employment in materials supply and support services - Permanent operations: 500-800 ongoing roles in property management, hospitality, security, and maintenance - Skills training: Partnerships with local technical schools to develop construction, hospitality, and technology competencies - Local hiring priorities: Commitment to employing Caribbean nationals wherever qualifications permit - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Tourism and Visitor Economy As a landmark destination, Coralia will enhance the region's tourism appeal: - Observation deck: Public attraction drawing visitors for panoramic Caribbean views - Luxury hospitality: Five-star hotel accommodating high-end travelers and business guests - Event hosting: Conferences, weddings, and cultural events generating ancillary tourism spending - Brand elevation: Iconic architecture enhancing the destination's global profile and marketing appeal - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Infrastructure and Community Investment Beyond the tower itself, the project catalyzes broader improvements: - Transportation upgrades: Road improvements, public transit connections, and pedestrian infrastructure - Utility enhancements: Upgraded water, power, and telecommunications serving both the development and surrounding communities - Public realm: Parks, plazas, and waterfront access created for community enjoyment - Local business support: Procurement preferences for Caribbean suppliers and service providers - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ## Sustainability and Environmental Stewardship 📸 Photo by Felix Rostig on Unsplash ### Green Building Certifications The Coralia Project targets internationally recognized sustainability standards: - LEED Platinum: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design highest certification level - WELL Building Standard: Focus on occupant health, comfort, and wellbeing - Caribbean-specific criteria: Adaptation to regional climate, biodiversity, and cultural context - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Climate Resilience Strategies Given Caribbean vulnerability to climate change, Coralia incorporates adaptive design: - Sea-level rise: Elevated site grading and flood-resistant infrastructure - Extreme weather: Structural reinforcement and emergency preparedness systems - Water security: On-site storage, treatment, and conservation reducing dependence on municipal supply - Energy independence: Renewable generation and battery storage ensuring continuity during grid disruptions - 👉 Picnic Festival 2026: Dates, lineup (Christina Aguilera, Maná), and ticket hacks. - 👉 The Ultimate 7-Day Mexico Itinerary (2026 Guide for First-Time US Visitors) - 👉 Dominica’s 6.6km Cable Car 2026: Full guide to the world's longest ride to Boiling Lake. ### Biodiversi

Aisha Maina Secures USD 40 Million St Kitts Port Deal And Takes Trade Roadshow From Grenada To Jamaica And Trinidad « CaribPR Wire --> --> CaribPR Wire Home Submit Your Release News Room Press Release Tips Testimonials Caribbean Community Contact Us Register Log in --> The only Caribbean PR Wire Reaching Hundreds of Caribbean Media Houses, Websites, Blogs, And Opinion Leaders. --> Home Contact Us SUBSCRIBE TO RSS --> Why Carib PR Wire Submit Your Release Distribution Press Release Tips Rate Sheet Testimonials Our Agency Caribbean Community Members Area --> For Immediate Release Title: Aisha Maina Secures USD 40 Million St Kitts Port Deal And Takes Trade Roadshow From Grenada To Jamaica And Trinidad Aisha Maina Secures USD 40 Million St Kitts Port Deal And Takes Trade Roadshow From Grenada To Jamaica And Trinidad --> CARIBPR WIRE, ST. GEORGE’S, Grenada, Mon. Aug. 4, 2025: Aisha Maina, Managing Director of Aquarian Consult and founder of Gemini Integrated Commodities, has completed an intensive week of engagements, capped by a USD 40 million deal to build a Panamax deep-water port and special economic zone in Basseterre, St. Kitts, that unite policy, private capital and hard infrastructure around a single objective: forging a reliable commercial bridge between Africa and the Caribbean. At the signing of the USD$ 40m Port deal for St Kitts & Nevis: L-R (Middle): 1. Hon. Dr. Terrance Drew, PM, St. Kitts & Nevis, Hon Minister Samal Duggins, Minister of Agriculture et. Al, St. Kitts and Nevis, Miss Aisha Maina, Managing Director, Aquarian Consult, Mr. Eric Intong, Acting Group Managing Director, Client Relations, Afreximbank and Prof. Benedict Oramah, President, Afreximbank. The new port will anchor a 10 square kilometre special economic zone designed for agro-processing, light assembly and bonded warehousing. Feasibility studies begin in August, and financial close is targeted for Q1 2026. The facility is expected to create thousands of jobs and attract an additional USD 300 million in private investment. For Saint Kitts & Nevis, a nation of fewer than 60,000 people, the project positions the federation as a logistics hinge between 19 African and 12 Caribbean Commonwealth members. For exporters in West Africa, it removes a costly European detour and delivers end-to-end digital customs visibility. One Week, Three Strategic Touchpoints 1. Port Signing In Grenada – July 28th At the Afreximbank Afri-Caribbean Trade and Investment Forum in Grenada, Maina co-signed a USD 40 million Letter of Interest with Afreximbank and the Government of St Kitts & Nevis. Prime Minister Dr Terrance Drew witnessed the signing, while Honourable Samal Duggins, Minister of Agriculture and Marine Resources, signed for the island nation. The agreement finances a Panamax-capable deep-water port in Basseterre and a ten-square-kilometre special economic zone for agro-processing and light assembly. “Africa and the Caribbean need assets, not just aspirations. With this port we move from promise to throughput, from talk to tonnage. It is the physical backbone of a trade bridge that has been too long in the making,” Maina said on stage. Duggins added: “Fresh off the Afri-Caribbean Exchange, I proudly signed a landmark Letter of Interest with Afreximbank. Facility after facility, deal after deal, we are not just talking transformation; we are delivering it. The vision is clear, the progress is real, and the future is now.” 2. Caribbean Investment Forum In Jamaica – July 30th From Montego Bay’s main stage, Maina confirmed that feasibility and environmental studies for the Basseterre port will begin in August. She outlined a corridor that cuts Lagos-to-Basseterre sailing times to about seven days, eliminating costly European detours. “If private sector does not take charge of the process, we will remain where we have been. Retreat or defeat are not options,” she told delegates. 3. Trans-Atlantic Symposium In Trinidad – August 3rd Maina closed the week in Port of Spain, delivering the keynote “Why Caribbean and Africa Trade and Investment and Economic Cooperation Matter” at the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Symposium organised by the Emancipation Support Committee of Trinidad and Tobago. She connected port logistics, economic-zone clustering and new financing tools to broader goals of youth employment, food security and diversified exports. Project Snapshot Metric Detail Initial finance USD 40 million Berth capacity One Panamax berth, expandable to two Construction jobs 600 direct positions Follow-on capital USD 300 million projected private investment Studies launch August 2025 Financial close Q1 2026 First container Q4 2028 Regional and Global Implications ● Shorter transit times – Direct sailings remove European detours and lower freight costs. ● Value-addition hub – The special economic zone lets African raw materials be processed closer to North American markets. ● Commonwealth relevance – One of the Commonwealth’s smallest states will host a strategic maritime asset linking 19 African and 12 Caribbean members. ● Private-capital leadership – Gemini Integrated Commodities co-invests with Afreximbank, placing execution risk on balance-sheet owners rather than policy desks. Background Momentum began in March with the Afri-Caribbean Investment Summit in Abuja, followed by a June charter of an Air Peace 777 carrying 120 Nigerian entrepreneurs and policymakers to Basseterre. The Grenada signing, Montego Bay confirmation and Trinidad keynote now merge those earlier steps into a single infrastructure roadmap. About Aquarian Consult Aquarian Consult is a Nigeria-based advisory and investment firm specialising in trade facilitation, human-capital development and infrastructure. Through Gemini Integrated Commodities, the company designs and executes projects that connect African markets to global value chains, with a focus on Africa-Caribbean integration.

MediumHow to Start Making Money in 2026 from the Caribbean; 9 Pathways | by Teri Allori | Jul, 2026 | Medium Sign up Get app Sign up Make Money Online Fast Entrepreneur Caribbean Entrepreneurs AI Agent Ai And Automation # How to Start Making Money in 2026 from the Caribbean; 9 Pathways 16 min read Jul 19, 2026 -- Share A super deep dive into income opportunities, AI-powered possibilities, and the systems that can help Caribbean people build throughout 2026. Read this article in other languages: Español: Cómo empezar a ganar dinero en 2026 desde el Caribe: 9 caminos posibles Français: Comment commencer à gagner de l’argent en 2026 depuis les Caraïbes : 9 pistes possibles Press enter or click to view image in full size Let me set the expectation from the beginning: this is not a quick list of trendy side hustles that promises to make you rich by next Friday. I get into 9 pathways plus even a bonus. Yes, it got lengthy, but it’s worth it as a super deep dive, especially if you’re truly serious about changing your circumstances THIS YEAR and not waiting yet another year! This is an in-depth practical guide you can return to throughout 2026 as you consider your skills, circumstances, income needs, available time, and the kind of work you actually want to do. Some people reading this need extra money alongside a job. Others want to replace an income they have lost, earn in a stronger currency, serve customers outside their island, or build something that can eventually support them full-time. You may already have a business but know it is too dependent on you. You may have valuable skills and no clear offer. You may be watching the rapid growth of AI and wondering whether you are already too late. You are not too late. However, you do need to be willing to learn, experiment, make offers, accept that your first attempt may not be perfect, and use the tools available in this era. The economic realities of living in the Caribbean have not disappeared. We still face platform restrictions, banking friction, small domestic markets, uneven access to payment processors, high costs, and a knowledge gap that leaves many people unaware of opportunities others already consider normal. At the same time, what one person can now research, create, sell, automate, and deliver has changed dramatically. The barriers are still real, but the tools are better than they have ever been. ## The Caribbean route may be different, but it is not closed A lot of online-income advice is written as though everyone lives in the United States. “Just open a Stripe account.” “Just monetize your YouTube channel.” “Just connect this platform to your bank.” “Just order the supplies and offer free shipping.” Those instructions quickly fall apart when the platform does not support your country, international shipping costs more than the product, or withdrawing your earnings requires another workaround. I know how frustrating it is to find an opportunity, follow the instructions, and then discover that Barbados or another Caribbean country is missing from the list. Different Caribbean countries also have different levels of access. A platform that works in Jamaica may not work in Barbados. A payment option available in Trinidad and Tobago may be restricted somewhere else. Some people can receive money through a platform but have limited withdrawal choices. This is why copying another person’s setup without checking your own country is dangerous. Before committing time or money to any opportunity, confirm four things: 1. Can you access the platform from your country? 2. Can you receive and withdraw your earnings? 3. Can you legally and practically deliver the product or service? 4. Can you reach people who are willing to pay for it? Do not interpret a closed platform as the end of the opportunity. It may mean you need a marketplace, direct invoicing, a local payment option, an international business structure, or another legitimate route. Different does not mean impossible. ## AI has changed what one person can build AI is not simply one income opportunity on a long list. It is now a layer that can support almost every opportunity in this article. Modern AI tools can help you research a market, identify common customer problems, shape an offer, build a prospect list, draft personalised outreach, create content, analyse information, translate material, prepare proposals, organise customer data, and complete parts of the work itself. An AI agent goes beyond answering a single question. It can be given a defined objective and allowed to complete several connected steps, often using files, software, websites, or other tools along the way. For example, an agent may research potential clients, organise the results, prepare personalised first-draft messages, update a spreadsheet, and flag the strongest prospects for human review. That kind of work once required several hours or support from another person. AI can also help someone with limited funds produce a stronger version of a website, guide, presentation, training programme, business plan, content system, or customer workflow. However, access to AI is not the advantage on its own. You still need enough understanding to recognise a good opportunity, provide useful direction, protect confidential information, assess the quality of the output, correct mistakes, earn trust, and take responsibility for what you deliver. AI can perform valuable work. It can even manage entire loops of execution. The people best positioned to benefit will be those who understand how to direct it, supervise it, and combine it with their own critical thinking and sound judgment. ## Before choosing an income path A popular opportunity is not automatically the right opportunity for you. Someone may be earning from a course, YouTube channel, beauty service, rental business, online store, or automation agency. That proves the model can work. It does not prove that you should copy it. Look at your own position. What skills do you already have? What problems do you understand? Who can you reach? How quickly do you need income? How much money can you risk? Do you enjoy working directly with people, or would you prefer creating products and systems? Do you want local customers, global customers, or both? You should also ask whether people are already paying to solve the problem. A business idea can sound exciting while having no clear customer. Meanwhile, a simple service that solves a frustrating, expensive, or time-consuming problem can start earning without a large audience. Choose with your actual life in mind, not someone else’s highlight reel. ## 1. AI-assisted freelance and professional services Freelancing means selling your skills or services to clients without becoming their permanent employee. You may work on individual projects, monthly packages, or ongoing contracts. Possible services include: - virtual assistance - research - writing and editing - graphic design - presentations - social media support - website updates - bookkeeping assistance - customer support - project coordination - translation and localisation - business documentation - video or podcast repurposing AI has made many of these services faster to start and deliver. A writer can use it for research and outlining. A designer can explore concepts. A virtual assistant can summarise meetings, organise information, and draft responses. A consultant can analyse data and prepare initial recommendations more efficiently. The opportunity is not to sell unreviewed AI output as though you created something exceptional. The opportunity is to use modern tools to produce better work, reduce unnecessary time, and offer clients a clearer result. ## The catch Generic freelancers are easy to overlook. “I do social media, admin, graphics, websites, marketing, and anything else you need” does not tell a client why they should hire you. You also cannot assume that using AI privately means your work is automatically professional. The output can often still need editing, fact-checking, quality control, and an understanding of the client’s context. ## A better setup Choose a specific type of client and a problem they already have. Instead of saying: “I manage social media.” You could offer: “I turn one long-form video into a month of ready-to-post content for consultants and service business owners.” Instead of: “I am a virtual assistant.” Try: “I organise customer enquiries, update your lead records, and prepare your weekly follow-up list so opportunities stop getting buried.” A more defined service is often called a productized service. This simply means packaging a service with a clear scope, process, price, timeline, and result, instead of reinventing the work every time someone contacts you. ## What I would do first Choose one service you can already perform or learn within a reasonable period. Create two or three examples, explain the result clearly, and contact a small group of suitable businesses. You do not need 10,000 followers. You need a credible offer and real people who need it. ## 2. AI setup, training, and automation services Many businesses and organisations know AI is important but still do not know how to use it meaningfully. They may have team members experimenting with ChatGPT, but no guidance on the proper setup, privacy, accuracy, approved uses, or how the tool connects to daily work. Small business owners are typically drowning in repeated questions, missed calls, follow-up, quotations, customer messages, content, and admin. This creates opportunities for people who can help businesses move from vague interest to practical implementation. Services may include: - AI-readiness assessments - ChatGPT, Claude or other AI platform setup - custom instructions, knowledge bases, custom skills - team training - AI-assisted customer support, chatbots and receptionist systems - lead-capture workflows, automated follow-up, workflow audits - content-production systems - internal guides and standard operating procedures - AI agent implementation - maintenance and optimisation ## Do not sell “AI” without a problem Businesses rarely wake up wanting an automation simply for the pleasure of owning one. They want fewer missed opportunities, faster responses, less admin, more bookings, improved follow-up, organised information, and a business that does not collapse whenever the owner becomes busy. They want solutions. Start there. For example: - A missed call automatically triggers a message. - A new enquiry is captured and placed in a follow-up process. - Frequently asked questions are answered without the owner typing the same response all day. - Past clients receive an appropriate rebooking reminder. - A weekly report is compiled from information stored across several sources. ## The catch This work requires more than knowing a few prompts. You need to understand the business process, select appropriate tools, recognise what should remain under human review, and avoid making promises the technology cannot safely fulfil. A badly designed automation can spread incorrect information faster than a human ever could. ## My first move I’d choose one use case and build a demonstration around it. Show the original business problem, the workflow, and the outcome. Selling a clear result is easier than selling a cloud of technical language. And I’m not just telling you theory. This is all stuff I do for clients of my own, so I know it all works. ## 3. Content creation and audience-based income Content remains a powerful way to build visibility, demonstrate expertise, earn trust, and attract opportunities. You can publish through platforms including YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, podcasts, blogs, newsletters, Medium, LinkedIn, Pinterest, or your own website. Income may come from: - services - consulting - sponsorships - affiliate commissions - courses - digital products - paid communities - workshops - speaking - brand partnerships - platform advertising, where available AI can help with research, outlines, scripts, editing, titles, captions, translations, repurposing, audience analysis, and visual concepts. One video can become a blog post, newsletter section, short clips, social posts, an email, and translated versions. That gives a creator more ways to use one strong idea without living on the content treadmill. ## The catch Followers are not the same as clients. Views and other vanity metrics do not automatically become income, and platform monetisation is not equally available in every Caribbean country. A creator with a smaller but relevant audience, a clear offer, and a good customer journey may earn more than someone collecting large numbers of disconnected views. Content should lead somewhere useful. That could be a service, a product, a community, a resource, a booking page, an email list, or a trusted affiliate recommendation. ## What I would focus on Choose a subject connected to problems, interests, or goals people genuinely care about. Publish useful content, then give people one sensible next step. Do not wait for advertising revenue before treating your knowledge as valuable. ## 4. Digital products, courses, and memberships A digital product is something people can purchase and receive electronically. There is no physical package to ship and no inventory sitting in your home. Examples include: - e-books - guides - templates - checklists - planners - prompt packs - assessments - recorded workshops - courses - toolkits - membership libraries For Caribbean entrepreneurs, digital products can remove many of the headaches associated with customs, international shipping, storage, and damaged goods. AI can help with market research, outlining, drafting, editing, design direction, translation, FAQs, marketing material, and automated delivery. Still, creating the product is usually easier than selling it. A polished 100-page guide nobody asked for is not automatically more valuable than a clear 12-page or even 1-page resource that solves an urgent problem. ## Start smaller than your ego wants to A live workshop can be a useful first version of a course. A checklist can come before a large toolkit. A short paid guide can test demand before you spend three months recording lessons. ## Get Teri Allori’s stories in your inbox Join Medium for free to get updates from this writer. Subscribe Subscribe Remember me for faster sign in You can learn from the questions buyers ask and improve the offer based on real use. Memberships can create recurring income, but members need an ongoing reason to stay. That may include community, accountability, updated resources, live support, specialised information, networking, or regular training. “Access to content” alone is not always enough. ## The first question I would ask What does the buyer become able to do after using this product? That result should shape the product, title, content, and sales message. ## 5. Service businesses and productized offers Traditional services are still among the most practical ways to begin earning. You do not need to become a content creator, sell a course, or build a technology company. Service opportunities include: - beauty and wellness - tutoring - photography - repairs - cleaning - catering - consulting - coaching - design - administrative support - event services - technical support - bookkeeping - home maintenance - specialised professional services A service business can begin locally, then expand through digital delivery or regional and international clients where appropriate. AI and automation can support the business with quotations, appointment reminders, enquiries, follow-up, customer records, review requests, rebooking prompts, scheduling, onboarding, and content. ## Avoid becoming the entire backend A service business can generate income quickly, but it can also trap the owner in nonstop delivery and admin. You answer every message, prepare every invoice, remember every follow-up, deliver every service, create every post, and chase every payment. That is not a long-term operating model. It is a fast route to exhaustion. This is where productizing the service becomes useful. For example, a consultant may offer a defined 90-minute strategy session with specific deliverables. A photographer may specialise in graduation packages. A web designer may offer a one-page business website completed within a set timeline. Clarity makes the offer easier to explain, price, deliver, and eventually delegate. ## What I would do first Choose one service with real demand and create one clear starter offer. Define who it is for, the outcome, what is included, the price, and how someone begins. You can expand after the first version starts working. ## 6. Remote work and international contracting Remote employment and contract work allow Caribbean professionals to pursue opportunities outside their immediate labour market. Potential areas include: - operations - administration - customer success/support - project management - marketing - research - software and technical work - design - writing - finance - sales support - executive assistance AI can help you research companies, identify relevant roles, tailor application materials, prepare for interviews, organise applications, and improve professional communication. It can also help you translate your experience into language that makes sense to an international employer. For example, someone may describe their work as “helping with office tasks” when they actually coordinated schedules, managed vendors, improved processes, supported executives, and kept operations moving. ## The catch Remote work is competitive, and some companies restrict hiring based on geography, legal arrangements, or time zones. A hundred rushed applications may not outperform 20 strong, focused applications. You also need to watch for scams. A legitimate employer should not require you to pay for a job, purchase gift cards, or send money before beginning. ## A practical setup Choose a focused role category rather than applying for everything remotely labelled “work from home.” Update your CV, create a strong professional profile, identify suitable companies, and maintain a disciplined application process. Direct outreach can also work. A company may need support even when it has not published a formal vacancy. ## 7. E-commerce, print-on-demand, and selective dropshipping E-commerce simply means selling products through the internet. The product may be physical or digital, created by you or supplied by another company. Print-on-demand allows you to upload a design to products such as shirts, mugs, books, posters, or tote bags. The product is only printed after a customer places an order, and the supplier usually handles fulfilment and shipping. This reduces the need to purchase large amounts of inventory in advance. Dropshipping is a model where you sell a product through your store without keeping it in stock yourself. When a customer orders, a third-party supplier ships the item to them. Both models can reduce upfront inventory costs. Neither one removes the need for product research, marketing, customer service, reliable suppliers, and sensible margins. AI can support product research, store organisation, descriptions, customer support drafts, visual concepts, email follow-up, and advertising variations. ## The catch Competition can be intense. Advertising costs, refunds, slow shipping, supplier problems, and platform restrictions can quickly damage a weak setup. A store containing 300 random products is not automatically a business. A focused store for a specific audience or problem is usually easier to understand and market. ## What I would test first Choose one audience, one tightly related collection, or one product wit

From Vision to Reality: Punta Cana Free Trade Zone Emerges as a Competitive Logistics, Aeronautical, and Manufacturing Hub Accessibility Statement Skip Navigation PUNTA CANA, Dominican Republic , July 30, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- For decades, Punta Cana was universally recognized as a postcard-perfect tourist paradise. However, a major economic transformation has recently redefined the region. The Punta Cana Free Trade Zone (PCFTZ) has officially moved past its initial development phases to become a fully operational, competitive international center for logistics, advanced manufacturing, and aeronautical services. Continue Reading From Vision to Reality: Punta Cana Free Trade Zone Emerges as a Competitive Logistics, Aeronautical, and Manufacturing Hub Developed by the visionary Grupo Puntacana, this massive 742,160-square-meter complex represents a monumental shift in how the Dominican Republic handles global commerce. It is no longer a future project; it is a tangible powerhouse altering trade routes across the Americas. The true differentiator of the Punta Cana Free Trade Zone is its seamless physical integration with the Punta Cana Airport (PUJ). By housing the region's first dedicated Air Cargo Hub within a duty-free industrial park, the facility strips away traditional administrative and physical bottlenecks. Surging Operational Capacities: The integrated cargo terminal, recognized as the Punta Cana Air Cargo Hub and operated by DP World Dominicana, recently surpassed 33,000 tons of processed cargo, it handles transit, imports, and exports with specialized workflows that drastically reduce transfer times. Cold Chain Excellence: To safeguard the island's high-value exports, the facility features 4,000 square meters of state-of-the-art cold storage rooms specifically optimized for perishable items, pharmaceuticals, and delicate medical devices. Global Carrier Integration: Regular heavy-cargo routes—such as those operated by UniWorld Air Cargo and Air Canada Cargo—actively connect South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and North America. The PCFTZ framework leverages the Dominican Republic's robust free trade zone legislation to grant businesses 100% exemption from customs duties and corporate income taxes. This financial cushion, paired with ready-to-use premium industrial warehouses, has attracted international corporations specialized in nearshoring. One good example has been the Installation of Southside Packaging International, an alliance with the paperboard North American leader, Southern Champion Tray , with a state-of-the-art facility of 45,000 square feets. Instead of basic assembly, the PCFTZ has matured into a center for advanced manufacturing, technology-based automated process, and high-value e-commerce distribution. The park's flexible corporate infrastructure allows tech firms to easily scale their production lines up or down to align with shifting global supply chain demands without undergoing costly relocations. Beyond moving cargo, the PCFTZ has established itself as an essential node for regional aviation maintenance and services, with the installation of FL Technics, one of the main global MRO services providers for aircraft, with a facility of almost 800,000 square feets and 10 positions initially, with the vision of growing to 19 aircraft positions. This single tenant is attraction aerospace components manufacturers from different regions of the world. The inclusion of a comprehensive Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) center gives commercial and cargo airlines an expert technical base right in the middle of the Caribbean. A good example of the insertion in the aerospace industry. To complement these heavy technical operations, the PCFTZ features a high-volume Aviation Fuel Center. Designed with a capacity capable of scaling up to 800,000 gallons, this dedicated fueling platform increases cost-efficiencies for long-haul cargo carriers. This ensures that planes landing at the hub can turn around rapidly and cost-effectively. The tangible expansion of the PCFTZ has broken the province's historical dependency on leisure tourism alone. With the projection of generating more than 9,000 direct and indirect jobs, the park is cultivating a highly skilled workforce consisting of supply-chain experts, aeronautical mechanics, and advanced industrial technicians. Ultimately, this development fortifies the country's macroeconomy, driving a steady influx of high-quality foreign direct investment into the region. The Punta Cana Free Trade Zone has definitively shed its label as a mere "future project". Today, it stands as a fully operational, top-tier economic platform that proves the Dominican Republic can compete on speed, precision, and infrastructure at a truly global scale. SOURCE Grupo Puntacana 21 % more press release views with Request a Demo × Modal title Also from this source Stefano Mazzoli Wins the 2026 Corales Puntacana Championship PGA TOUR Event Italian golfer Stefano Mazzoli claimed the biggest victory of his career, capturing the title at the Corales Puntacana Championship PGA TOUR Event... Puntacana Resort Officially Launches the 2026 Corales Puntacana Championship PGA Tour Event with a Record Field of 144 International Players Puntacana Resort officially launched the ninth edition of the Corales Puntacana Championship PGA TOUR Event 2026 during its traditional opening press ... More Releases From This Source Explore Mining & Metals Mining & Metals Supply Chain/Logistics Supply Chain/Logistics News Releases in Similar Topics --> --> -->

“Here is your opportunity” to contribute – Pres Ali tells diaspora on investment - INews Guyana Facebook Mail RSS Youtube Home News Business Court Crime & Security Education Environment Entertainment Features Health Oil & Gas Politics Tourism Sports Local News Regional News World News Crime & Security Court Oil & Gas Politics Features Opinion Letters The Piper Eyewitness Gallery Search Friday, June 12, 2026 Home Advertise Contact Facebook Mail RSS Youtube Sign in Welcome! Log into your account your username your password Forgot your password? Get help Password recovery Recover your password your email A password will be e-mailed to you. INews Guyana Home News Business Court Crime & Security Education Environment Entertainment Features Health Oil & Gas Politics Tourism Sports Local News Regional News World News Crime & Security Court Oil & Gas Politics Features Opinion Letters The Piper Eyewitness Gallery Home Business “Here is your opportunity” to contribute – Pres Ali tells diaspora on... Business latest news Local News Politics President Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali, flanked by Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley and Minister of Health Dr Frank Anthony, and a member of the surgical team, speaking with reporters …as Diaspora Bond to launch within a week Recognising the wealth of resources available within the diaspora, the Guyanese Government will soon roll out an initiative that will see overseas-based Guyanese be given the opportunity to directly participate in the country’s development. This was announced by President Dr Irfaan Ali on Tuesday evening, where he revealed that the Government is looking to secure funding from within the Guyanese Diaspora for major public projects. “I want to announce that the Government of Guyana will launch a special bond, a diaspora bond, to raise funds from the diaspora for investment in public infrastructure projects in Guyana. So, within one week, we’ll be launching the diaspora bond,” the Head of State declared. He added, “So, members of the diaspora, here is your opportunity to make your contribution and to be part of the massive transformation taking place in our country.” The Guyanese Government has long been looking to unlock financing within the diaspora to drive a number of large-scale national projects, with President Ali only recently promising strong returns on those investments. President Dr Irfaan Ali " data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/President.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1" class="wp-image-181156 size-full" src="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/President.jpg?resize=640%2C427&ssl=1" alt="" width="640" height="427" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/President.jpg?w=640&ssl=1 640w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/President.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/President.jpg?resize=630%2C420&ssl=1 630w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /> President Dr Irfaan Ali During a recent armchair discussion at the Baker Institute for Public Policy, an American think tank housed on the campus of Rice University in Houston, Texas, the Guyanese leader noted that his government is creating attractive investment opportunities for the diaspora to capitalise on. “Our diaspora is in a special and unique position… But now I think [we have to look at] how do we unlock their financing? How do we create opportunities for their investments, and I think that is what is exciting for them. And we are on a path of launching a few important projects of national importance for national security that we believe they could invest in with a very good return,” the President noted during the event held earlier this month. EoIs for major projects Those remarks came just weeks after the Guyanese Government issued a preliminary call for investors to support two major projects in the country – the cooking gas bottling plant and fertiliser facility, which will utilise natural gas that will be brought onshore via the Gas-to-Energy (GtE) Phase Two Project at Wales, West Bank, Demerara. The Gas to Energy project site [Lindsayca Guyana photo] " data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?fit=696%2C392&ssl=1" class="wp-image-230808 " src="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=696%2C392&ssl=1" alt="" width="696" height="392" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?w=1440&ssl=1 1440w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=1024%2C577&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=746%2C420&ssl=1 746w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=696%2C392&ssl=1 696w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/590274857_17971523165971160_1083893399392672355_n.jpg?resize=1068%2C601&ssl=1 1068w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" /> The Gas to Energy project site [Lindsayca Guyana photo] In the invite for Preliminary Expressions of Interest (EoIs), the Government made it clear that preference will be given to Guyanese investors, including those in the diaspora, to be part of the entities that would be set up for these energy projects. This is in keeping with previous commitments by the Government to ensure that Guyanese citizens, both here and abroad, have a stake in major projects and actively participate in the country’s development. For the Guyana Ammonia and Urea Plant Inc (GAUP), which is pegged at US$300 million, the Government is targeting investments with a cap of US$5 million per investor. Additionally, the Guyana Gas Bottling and Logistics Company Inc (GGBLC), which is estimated at US$40 million, has a cap of US$1 million per investor. However, it was noted that interested parties may indicate the maximum amounts they are willing to invest for both projects. According to the EoI invite, which has since closed off, investors can assume a government guarantee of a 10 per cent annual return on both projects. Moreover, both GAUP and GGBLC will be private companies and not publicly traded entities. It was further explained that this is only a preliminary expression of interest. Based on the response, the Government will then structure appropriate details of the investment and make a formal call for investments. Silica City Meanwhile, days after his comments in Houston, President Ali encouraged members of the diaspora to explore investing in vacation homes in Guyana’s model smart and sustainable city along the Soesdyke-Linden Highway, Silica City. “In that city, modernity will meet tradition. And tradition will be an envelope in the environment. It is designed to be a city of sustainability, a city of wellness, a city of the future… And we want at least 25 per cent of this city to be dedicated to meeting the needs of the diaspora,” he posited while addressing the Guyanese diaspora in Canada during an engagement at the Pearson Centre in Brampton, Ontario. Showing a promotional video depicting the layout and design of Silica City, the Guyanese leader contended that, “Visuals give you a better understanding of what we are planning… I want you to see what the city will look like so that those of you who want to own your vacation home, own your second home, or invest in your home in Guyana can be part of Silica City… Here is your opportunity.” Houses being constructed at Silica City " data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?fit=696%2C392&ssl=1" class="wp-image-227306 size-large" src="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=696%2C392&ssl=1" alt="" width="696" height="392" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=747%2C420&ssl=1 747w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=696%2C392&ssl=1 696w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?resize=1068%2C601&ssl=1 1068w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?w=2048&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/inewsguyana.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/housing-1.jpg?w=1392&ssl=1 1392w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" /> Houses being constructed at Silica City Located approximately 40 kilometres (km) from Georgetown and 5km from the Cheddi Jagan International Airport (CJIA), Silica City is designed as a climate-resilient urban ecosystem that integrates innovation, nature, and smart technology. Silica City was initially conceived in 2009 by Ali during his tenure as Housing Minister. The Government has since set aside some 3800 acres of land for the new city, with approximately 15,000 houses to be constructed in various phases over the next two decades. In its first five years, the city is expected to cater to just over 3000 households. Phase One of Silica City involves significant infrastructure development alongside the construction of over 3000 houses – all to the tune of some $1.2 billion. Already, construction works are ongoing for the first 110 Young Professional houses under this first phase. These houses comprise four designs, with prices ranging between $27 million and $35 million. Phase Two of Silica City, which Guyana is working with a Saudi Arabian company on, caters to the development of over 374 lots that will have various aspects of construction, including a retirement resort, a healthcare hub, and sports tourism facilities. This aspect of the project will target the Guyanese diaspora, including investment opportunities. --- Share this: Print (Opens in new window) Print Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp Share on X (Opens in new window) X Related Discover more from INews Guyana Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email. 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Necessity Versus Opportunity Motivation: Nascent Firm Performance In Caribbean Small Island Developing States Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/jdexxx/v24y2019i04ns1084946719500237.html https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=Found%20on%20RePEc/IDEAS:%20https://ideas.repec.org//a/wsi/jdexxx/v24y2019i04ns1084946719500237.html%20💡 MyIDEAS: not logged in My bibliography Save this article - Author & abstract - Download - 63 References - 3 Citations - Most related - Related works & more - Corrections ## Author Listed: PREEYA S. MOHAN (Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies) ## Abstract This paper investigates entry motivation of nascent entrepreneurs and their post-entry performance in Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The study estimates the effect of being a nascent opportunity/necessity entrepreneur on three business-performance variables — firm growth, exports and innovation using regression analysis and control for time, country and sector effects. The data come from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey (APS) for Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. The results show that opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurial start-up motivation tends to be related to a superior post-entry firm performance. In addition, personal and firm characteristics influence post-entry firm performance including gender, education, household income, number of owners, firm age and number of workers at start-up. ## Suggested Citation Preeya S. Mohan, 2019. " Necessity Versus Opportunity Motivation: Nascent Firm Performance In Caribbean Small Island Developing States," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(04), pages 1-22, December. Handle: RePEc:wsi:jdexxx:v:24:y:2019:i:04:n:s1084946719500237 DOI: 10.1142/S1084946719500237 as HTML HTML with abstract plain text plain text with abstract BibTeX RIS (EndNote, RefMan, ProCite) ReDIF JSON ## Download full text from publisher File URL: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1084946719500237Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers --- File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S1084946719500237?utm_source=ideas LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item ---><--- As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it. ## References listed on IDEAS as HTML HTML with abstract plain text plain text with abstract BibTeX RIS (EndNote, RefMan, ProCite) ReDIF JSON Arne Bigsten & Paul Collier & Stefan Dercon & Marcel Fafchamps & Bernard Gauthier & Jan Willem Gunning & Abena Oduro & Remco Oostendorp & Cathy Patillo & Måns S–derbom & Francis Teal & Albert Zeufack, 2003. 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The government has prioritized seven core sectors for investment: Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Financial Services, Renewable Energy, International Education, and Light Manufacturing. The country’s economic growth has been supported by ongoing legislative reform, consistent policy, and structured planning, which together have helped sustain steady growth in both local and foreign direct investment year over year. Featured Investment Opportunities Invest St. Kitts currently lists several active, named investment opportunities open to prospective investors: Hillsboro Suites & Residences: A real estate development of 180 condo units on four acres of land at Mattingley, Basseterre. Phase 1 comprises 60 units, 40 of which are already complete. The project is seeking US$3.2 million to complete Phase 1. The Pelican Bay Hotel & Condominium Project: A 232-suite hotel and condominium development in Frigate Bay, including a 3,000 sq. ft. banquet hall, a main restaurant and bar seating over 320 guests, and a 3,500 sq. ft. infinity-edge pool with jacuzzi and deck bar. The project is seeking US$45 million for completion. Greenhouse Villages: An agricultural investment opportunity under the Ministry of Agriculture, seeking US$1.5 million, structured as loan, debt, equity, or a combination of debt and equity. Sustainable Energy Project: A renewable energy opportunity with the St. Kitts Electricity Company, seeking investment for up to 18 MW-AC of renewable energy capacity, structured as a Build, Own, and Operate (BOO) arrangement. Invest St. Kitts notes that these are only a selection of what’s available, and prospective investors are encouraged to reach out directly for access to additional opportunities beyond what’s publicly listed. Government Incentives for Investors Are there tax holidays for new businesses? Yes. Under the Fiscal Incentives Act, qualifying enterprises can receive a corporate tax holiday, with the length determined by how much value they add locally in St. Kitts and Nevis: Enterprises adding 50% or more in local value can qualify for up to 15 years of tax holiday. Enterprises adding between 25% and 50% in local value can qualify for up to 12 years. Enterprises adding between 10% and 25% in local value can qualify for up to 10 years. “Enclave” enterprises businesses producing goods exclusively for export outside the CARICOM region, can also qualify for up to 15 years. Is there additional relief after the tax holiday ends? Yes, through an Export Allowance. Once a company’s tax holiday period ends, it can receive a rebate on income tax paid, based on what percentage of its total profits come from exports, the higher the share of export profits, the larger the rebate, scaling from a 25% rebate at the 10-20% export-profit tier up to a 50% rebate for companies where export profits exceed 60% of total profits. What about import duties? Businesses can receive a full exemption from import duties on parts, raw materials, and production machinery. Are there specific incentives for the hotel sector? Yes. Under the Hotel Aids Act, hotels benefit from relief on customs duties for items used in construction, extension, and equipping provided the hotel has at least 10 bedrooms. Separately, under the Income Tax Act, hotels with more than 30 bedrooms are exempt from income tax for 10 years, while smaller hotels (under 30 bedrooms) receive a 5-year income tax exemption on profits. Is there personal income tax in St. Kitts? No, there is no personal income tax in St. Kitts. What is the corporate tax rate? Standard corporate income tax is 33% of net profits, though qualified companies can receive a full exemption from tax on corporate profits for up to 15 years under the incentive structure above. Can investors repatriate profits? Yes. Companies registered in St. Kitts can repatriate all profits, dividends, and imported capital without restriction. Workforce and Business Environment St. Kitts and Nevis has a labour force of approximately 25,000 people and a literacy rate of 98%. Technical and vocational training needs are largely met by the Clarence Fitzroy Bryant College, which offers courses in plumbing, electrical engineering, air conditioning and refrigeration, masonry, carpentry, mechanical engineering, motor mechanics, typing, and basic hotel skills, giving investors access to a trained local workforce across several of the priority sectors. The St. Christopher & Nevis Social Security Board (SSB), established in 1978, provides benefits to insured persons in cases of retirement, old age, invalidity, maternity, sickness, or injury on the job, with survivor’s benefits and funeral grants also available to dependents. How Invest St. Kitts Can Help Invest St. Kitts, operated by the St. Kitts Investment Promotion Agency (SKIPA) is built specifically to guide investors through every stage of bringing a project to life in St. Kitts. Its stated role is to proactively market St. Kitts internationally, regionally, and locally as an attractive investment destination, and to support the investors who respond to that opportunity. Concretely, Invest St. Kitts helps in the following ways: Set up a Business: The agency walks investors through the specific steps required to establish a business in St. Kitts, which can vary depending on the type of business being formed, from incorporating the company with St. Kitts Financial Services to applying for the necessary approvals. Prepare a Proposal: Invest St. Kitts provides the information investors need to prepare business proposals, whether to start a new business or to apply for government concessions. Application Forms: All relevant application forms are made conveniently available, giving investors easy access to the documentation needed to move their investment forward. Investment Facilitation: The agency facilitates the investment decision itself, providing information and helping investors explore business opportunities before they commit. Point of Contact: SKIPA becomes the investor’s central point of contact for the procedures involved in establishing a business in St. Kitts, including assistance with requests and approvals for tax concessions. Aftercare Services: Support doesn’t end at business launch, Invest St. Kitts provides ongoing aftercare to companies already established in St. Kitts, and support for businesses looking to expand. The Golden Book of St. Kitts: A free investment guide available directly from Invest St. Kitts, designed as a resource for investors exploring opportunities on the island. Direct Access to Opportunities: Beyond the featured opportunities listed publicly, Invest St. Kitts can connect interested investors with additional opportunities not published on the site. Open Investor Inquiries: Investors with questions about investing in St. Kitts are encouraged to reach out to the agency directly for guidance. Frequently Asked Questions What sectors does St. Kitts prioritize for investment? Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Financial Services, Renewable Energy, International Education, and Light Manufacturing. Is there personal income tax in St. Kitts? No. St. Kitts has no personal income tax. How long can a qualifying business receive a tax holiday? Up to 15 years, depending on the enterprise’s local value-added percentage under the Fiscal Incentives Act. Can investors move profits out of the country freely? Yes, companies registered in St. Kitts can repatriate all profits, dividends, and imported capital. Who helps investors get started in St. Kitts? Invest St. Kitts (SKIPA) the St. Kitts Investment Promotion Agency serves as a one-stop-shop, guiding investors through business setup, proposal preparation, application forms, tax concession approvals, and aftercare once a business is established. How does someone access more investment opportunities? Beyond the opportunities featured on the Invest St. Kitts website, investors can also contact the agency directly for access to additional, unpublished opportunities. About Beyond Borders Global Marketing Beyond Borders Global Marketing based in United Kingdom empowers destinations to navigate the intersection of heritage, sustainability and global desire. We boutique tourism marketing consultancy elevating destinations and nation brands worldwide – partnering with tourism boards and travel businesses on strategies that drive sustainable, culturally resonant growth. Media DetailsContact: +44 73 0085 9160E-mail: media@beyondborders.marketing Website: beyondborders.marketing SOURCE: Beyond Borders Global Marketing View the original press release on ACCESS Newswire ### New Children’s Book Shows Parents How to Answer the Question “How Do I Introduce My Child to Jesus?” ### Doctor Samui Clinic Addresses Critical Gap in Tourist Emergency Medical Care Across Koh Samui’s Resort Zones ### Richard Lynch Shares a Son’s Final Promise on Heartfelt New Single and Video, “Wait For Me” ### KEYS Empowers to Distribute Community Food Packages While Building Long-Term Healing in West Baltimore

Investing in St. Kitts: Opportunities, Incentives, and How Invest St. Kitts Can Help | MarketMinute # Investing in St. Kitts: Opportunities, Incentives, and How Invest St. Kitts Can Help Published at July 25th 2026, 8:45 AM EDT via ACCESS Newswire ⓘ This article is third-party content and does not represent the views of this site. We make no guarantees regarding its accuracy or completeness. NORTHWOOD, GB / ACCESS Newswire/ July 25, 2026 / St. Kitts offers investment opportunities across seven priority sectors, Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Financial Services, Renewable Energy, International Education, and Light Manufacturing backed by generous government tax incentives, duty exemptions, and full profit repatriation. Invest St. Kitts(SKIPA - the St. Kitts Investment Promotion Agency) acts as a one-stop-shop for both local and foreign investors, guiding them from initial inquiry through business setup and ongoing aftercare. Why Invest in St. Kitts? St. Kitts has built a defined, sector-focused investment climate designed to attract long-term, high-impact projects. The government has prioritized seven core sectors for investment: Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Financial Services, Renewable Energy, International Education, and Light Manufacturing. The country's economic growth has been supported by ongoing legislative reform, consistent policy, and structured planning, which together have helped sustain steady growth in both local and foreign direct investment year over year. Featured Investment Opportunities Invest St. Kitts currently lists several active, named investment opportunities open to prospective investors: Hillsboro Suites & Residences: A real estate development of 180 condo units on four acres of land at Mattingley, Basseterre. Phase 1 comprises 60 units, 40 of which are already complete. The project is seeking US$3.2 million to complete Phase 1. The Pelican Bay Hotel & Condominium Project: A 232-suite hotel and condominium development in Frigate Bay, including a 3,000 sq. ft. banquet hall, a main restaurant and bar seating over 320 guests, and a 3,500 sq. ft. infinity-edge pool with jacuzzi and deck bar. The project is seeking US$45 million for completion. Greenhouse Villages: An agricultural investment opportunity under the Ministry of Agriculture, seeking US$1.5 million, structured as loan, debt, equity, or a combination of debt and equity. Sustainable Energy Project: A renewable energy opportunity with the St. Kitts Electricity Company, seeking investment for up to 18 MW-AC of renewable energy capacity, structured as a Build, Own, and Operate (BOO) arrangement. Invest St. Kitts notes that these are only a selection of what's available, and prospective investors are encouraged to reach out directly for access to additional opportunities beyond what's publicly listed. Government Incentives for Investors Are there tax holidays for new businesses? Yes. Under the Fiscal Incentives Act, qualifying enterprises can receive a corporate tax holiday, with the length determined by how much value they add locally in St. Kitts and Nevis: Enterprises adding 50% or more in local value can qualify for up to 15 years of tax holiday. Enterprises adding between 25% and 50% in local value can qualify for up to 12 years. Enterprises adding between 10% and 25% in local value can qualify for up to 10 years. "Enclave" enterprises businesses producing goods exclusively for export outside the CARICOM region, can also qualify for up to 15 years. Is there additional relief after the tax holiday ends? Yes, through an Export Allowance. Once a company's tax holiday period ends, it can receive a rebate on income tax paid, based on what percentage of its total profits come from exports, the higher the share of export profits, the larger the rebate, scaling from a 25% rebate at the 10-20% export-profit tier up to a 50% rebate for companies where export profits exceed 60% of total profits. What about import duties? Businesses can receive a full exemption from import duties on parts, raw materials, and production machinery. Are there specific incentives for the hotel sector? Yes. Under the Hotel Aids Act, hotels benefit from relief on customs duties for items used in construction, extension, and equipping provided the hotel has at least 10 bedrooms. Separately, under the Income Tax Act, hotels with more than 30 bedrooms are exempt from income tax for 10 years, while smaller hotels (under 30 bedrooms) receive a 5-year income tax exemption on profits. Is there personal income tax in St. Kitts? No, there is no personal income tax in St. Kitts. What is the corporate tax rate? Standard corporate income tax is 33% of net profits, though qualified companies can receive a full exemption from tax on corporate profits for up to 15 years under the incentive structure above. Can investors repatriate profits? Yes. Companies registered in St. Kitts can repatriate all profits, dividends, and imported capital without restriction. Workforce and Business Environment St. Kitts and Nevis has a labour force of approximately 25,000 people and a literacy rate of 98%. Technical and vocational training needs are largely met by the Clarence Fitzroy Bryant College, which offers courses in plumbing, electrical engineering, air conditioning and refrigeration, masonry, carpentry, mechanical engineering, motor mechanics, typing, and basic hotel skills, giving investors access to a trained local workforce across several of the priority sectors. The St. Christopher & Nevis Social Security Board (SSB), established in 1978, provides benefits to insured persons in cases of retirement, old age, invalidity, maternity, sickness, or injury on the job, with survivor's benefits and funeral grants also available to dependents. How Invest St. Kitts Can Help Invest St. Kitts, operated by the St. Kitts Investment Promotion Agency (SKIPA) is built specifically to guide investors through every stage of bringing a project to life in St. Kitts. Its stated role is to proactively market St. Kitts internationally, regionally, and locally as an attractive investment destination, and to support the investors who respond to that opportunity. Concretely, Invest St. Kitts helps in the following ways: Set up a Business: The agency walks investors through the specific steps required to establish a business in St. Kitts, which can vary depending on the type of business being formed, from incorporating the company with St. Kitts Financial Services to applying for the necessary approvals. Prepare a Proposal: Invest St. Kitts provides the information investors need to prepare business proposals, whether to start a new business or to apply for government concessions. Application Forms: All relevant application forms are made conveniently available, giving investors easy access to the documentation needed to move their investment forward. Investment Facilitation: The agency facilitates the investment decision itself, providing information and helping investors explore business opportunities before they commit. Point of Contact: SKIPA becomes the investor's central point of contact for the procedures involved in establishing a business in St. Kitts, including assistance with requests and approvals for tax concessions. Aftercare Services: Support doesn't end at business launch, Invest St. Kitts provides ongoing aftercare to companies already established in St. Kitts, and support for businesses looking to expand. The Golden Book of St. Kitts: A free investment guide available directly from Invest St. Kitts, designed as a resource for investors exploring opportunities on the island. Direct Access to Opportunities: Beyond the featured opportunities listed publicly, Invest St. Kitts can connect interested investors with additional opportunities not published on the site. Open Investor Inquiries: Investors with questions about investing in St. Kitts are encouraged to reach out to the agency directly for guidance. Frequently Asked Questions What sectors does St. Kitts prioritize for investment? Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Financial Services, Renewable Energy, International Education, and Light Manufacturing. Is there personal income tax in St. Kitts? No. St. Kitts has no personal income tax. How long can a qualifying business receive a tax holiday? Up to 15 years, depending on the enterprise's local value-added percentage under the Fiscal Incentives Act. Can investors move profits out of the country freely? Yes, companies registered in St. Kitts can repatriate all profits, dividends, and imported capital. Who helps investors get started in St. Kitts? Invest St. Kitts (SKIPA) the St. Kitts Investment Promotion Agency serves as a one-stop-shop, guiding investors through business setup, proposal preparation, application forms, tax concession approvals, and aftercare once a business is established. How does someone access more investment opportunities? Beyond the opportunities featured on the Invest St. Kitts website, investors can also contact the agency directly for access to additional, unpublished opportunities. About Beyond Borders Global MarketingBeyond Borders Global Marketing based in United Kingdom empowers destinations to navigate the intersection of heritage, sustainability and global desire. We boutique tourism marketing consultancy elevating destinations and nation brands worldwide - partnering with tourism boards and travel businesses on strategies that drive sustainable, culturally resonant growth. Media DetailsContact: +44 73 0085 9160E-mail: media@beyondborders.marketing Website: beyondborders.marketing SOURCE: Beyond Borders Global Marketing View the original press release on ACCESS Newswire Report this content If you believe this article contains misleading, harmful, or spam content, please let us know.

ASPIRE Banking Exercise Gives Students a Practical Head Start on Their Financial Future - SKNIS Close Menu RECENT NEWS U.S. CONSULAR OFFICE TO HOST OUTREACH VISITS FOR U.S. CITIZENS IN SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS Medicinal Cannabis Authority Concludes Successful Four-Week Responsible Use Campaign NATIONAL ASSEMBLY MEETS ON THURSDAY, JULY 30, 2026 Federal Statement on Proposed Destiny Project Facebook Instagram YouTube TikTok Monday, July 27 Facebook YouTube Instagram WhatsApp Trending U.S. CONSULAR OFFICE TO HOST OUTREACH VISITS FOR U.S. CITIZENS IN SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS Medicinal Cannabis Authority Concludes Successful Four-Week Responsible Use Campaign NATIONAL ASSEMBLY MEETS ON THURSDAY, JULY 30, 2026 Federal Statement on Proposed Destiny Project SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS POSITIONED AS A STRATEGIC GATEWAY LINKING AFRICA, THE CARIBBEAN AND GLOBAL CAPITAL PRIME MINISTER DREW CALLS FOR NEW ERA OF AFRICA-CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP BUILT ON INVESTMENT, TRADE AND SHARED PROSPERITY PRIME MINISTER DREW SHOWCASES SUSTAINABLE ISLAND STATE AGENDA AS MODEL FOR RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT Cabbage Tree Housing Development (Phase 3) Cleared for Residential Access as Farmers Transition to Agriculturally Designated Lands ASPIRE Banking Exercise Gives Students a Practical Head Start on Their Financial Future July 16, 2026 Updated: July 23, 2026 2 Mins Read 39 Views Share Facebook WhatsApp Email Copy Link Facebook WhatsApp Email Copy Link Basseterre, St. Kitts, July 16, 2026 (PMO) &#8211; ASPIRE Students received valuable hands-on exposure to the banking system yesterday, Wednesday, July 15, during an interactive savings account deposit exercise at the St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla National Bank. The exercise allowed students to experience the banking process firsthand by completing deposit slips, interacting with bank tellers, making deposits into their personal ASPIRE savings accounts and reviewing their account balances. Parents and guardians accompanied the students throughout the activity, reinforcing the important role of families in developing positive financial habits from an early age. Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Hon. Dr. Terrance Drew, said the initiative was designed to move financial literacy beyond the classroom by allowing young people to apply the principles of saving, investment and responsible money management in a practical setting. “This is what this exercise is about today,” Prime Minister Drew said. “So I say to our young people, you may not understand the fullness of this at this particular time, but I can assure you that as you grow and you become adults and you recognize the power of what you are being given in terms of setting a sail a strong financial future.” Adding further significance to the exercise, Prime Minister Drew personally matched the deposits made by each participating student, up to a maximum of EC$200. The initiative provided an immediate boost to the students’ savings while encouraging parents and guardians to continue supporting regular deposits into their children’s accounts. The Prime Minister encouraged the students to monitor their accounts, save a portion of the money they receive and develop the discipline of distinguishing between immediate wants and long-term needs. He also urged parents to help their children access their account information online so they could actively observe their savings grow. Under the ASPIRE Program, every eligible citizen between the ages of five and eighteen receives an EC$1,000 contribution from the Government. Of that amount, EC$500 is placed into a savings account, while the remaining EC$500 is invested in shares in local companies. The program is also supported by financial literacy education delivered through the school curriculum. More than 4,000 ASPIRE accounts have already been opened, with over EC$4 million invested in the financial future of the nation’s children. The program reflects the Government’s wider commitment to equipping young people with the knowledge, assets and confidence needed to build secure and prosperous lives. End Previous Article Vacancy: Research and Project Officer, CARICOM IMPACS Next Article Prime Minister Drew Announces Planned Multimillion-Dollar Bond Investment for ASPIRE Participants Search for: Calendar 2026 July 2026 S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Budget Address 2026 Audit Report 2024 Saint Kitts and Nevis Voluntary National Review https://youtu.be/7MZ2te6n5j4 Follow Us On Facebook In The News ST. KITTS & NEVIS INFORMATION SERVICE Facebook YouTube WhatsApp MEDIA In Focus The Run Down Photos Contact Us USEFUL LINKS The Government of St. Kitts & Nevis Department of Technology Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Returning Nationals Diaspora Subscribe to Updates Get the latest news from the Government of St. Kitts-Nevis Information Service. 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CTU Caribbean AI Task Force 2026 Final Report Subscribe Sign in CTU Caribbean AI Task Force 2026 Final Report An ISOC LIVE Summary Jul 23, 2026 Share Toward Harmonized AI Policies and Recommendations for the Caribbean Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) Caribbean AI Task Force Final Report - July 23 2026 The CTU Caribbean AI Task Force’s final report argues that AI is diffusing into a landscape of profound structural asymmetry: the benefits concentrate geographically and economically, while the risks — algorithmic bias, socioeconomic exclusion, erosion of information integrity — distribute universally. Caribbean citizens, firms and public institutions are becoming intensive users of AI systems without proportional influence over their design, deployment, governance or value capture. The report characterizes the region as caught in a “high-intent but low-capacity equilibrium,” where policy ambition is outpaced by infrastructural realities, fragmented data governance and human capital attrition. The economic stakes are set out plainly. The global AI market is projected to expand from approximately USD 189 billion in 2023 to USD 4.8 trillion by 2033. AI integration could contribute up to USD 0.5 trillion to the Latin American and Caribbean economy by 2030, a potential 5.4% boost to regional GDP. Yet despite generating 6.6% of global GDP, the LAC region captures just 1.12% of global AI investment. Within the Caribbean sub-region the deficit is sharper still: AI-native enterprises number in the single digits, and the region operates overwhelmingly as a consumer of imported technology rather than a producer of localized innovation. Rather than advocating that individual Caribbean states compete in frontier-model development, the report argues the region’s task is to determine the terms under which external models, platforms, infrastructure and standards enter it. The report is the product of a one-year mandate established by resolution at the CTU’s 31st General Conference of Ministers, drawing on more than 35 nominated members from governments, multilateral organizations, the private sector, academia and civil society. An interim version was released in Port of Spain in December 2025 and circulated for regional review; this final report consolidates that feedback and was launched at the 1st Caribbean Artificial Intelligence Forum (CAIF 2026) on 23 July 2026. The connectivity paradox. Approximately 75% of the population of Caribbean small island developing states used the Internet in 2023, and Internet use across SIDS grew at 8.4% annually between 2014 and 2023, exceeding the global rate of 6.7%. On most other measures the foundations remain fragile. Broadband prices in Latin America and the Caribbean exceed 5% of gross national income per capita, well above the 2% affordability target. An ITU study reported that between 75 and 85% of Latin American and Caribbean traffic, including locally generated content, passed through Miami. No Caribbean state appears among the world’s leading publicly ranked high-performance computing systems — and the report treats a further problem as distinct and arguably more consequential: the region is largely absent from the datasets used to track global AI infrastructure at all. A country ranked last is still a counted observation; a country that does not appear is not part of the analytical frame. Four governance deficits. Adapting the diagnostic framework of the UN High-Level Advisory Body on AI, the report identifies four interrelated gaps: The representation gap. Caribbean states are functionally absent from the forums writing global AI rules, yet those rules apply to the region by default through trade agreements, cross-border data-flow regulations and non-negotiable platform terms of service. Absence from the rule-writing table does not grant exemption from the rules; it eliminates sovereign influence over their design and enforcement. The coordination gap. CARICOM is the only regional bloc of comparable standing without a collective AI governance instrument. The EU operationalizes a binding AI Act, the African Union a Continental AI Strategy, and six Caribbean states are signatories to the Latin American Declaración de Santiago — but no CARICOM-wide instrument exists. At this fragmented scale, no single member state commands the leverage to demand data sovereignty or algorithmic auditing from multinational providers. The implementation gap. Where high-level commitments do exist, they frequently remain aspirational, lacking costed roadmaps, institutional ownership, legislative sequencing and monitoring mechanisms. As of early 2026, no CARICOM member state has a standalone adopted national AI strategy in force. In the 2023 Oxford Insights assessment, every Caribbean country except the Dominican Republic scored zero on the AI “Vision” dimension. Jamaica rose from 122nd to 93rd in the 2025 index, the highest CARICOM placement and the only one in the global top 100; the remainder sit between 122nd and 189th. The research gap. Research-to-commercialization is the one link in the AI value chain that cannot be procured, harmonised or imported from elsewhere. The Startup Genome CARIBEquity assessment mapped 154 validated technology startups across 15 Caribbean countries and placed all 15 ecosystems in its earliest “Activation Phase,” characterized by limited startup experience and gaps in capital, mentorship and ecosystem connectivity. Inclusion and labour exposure. Speech and language models perform measurably worse on Caribbean English and Caribbean Creoles than on the dialects they were built around. The report cites AI-generated deepfakes deployed in Ireland’s 2025 presidential election and the Netherlands’ 2025 general election campaign, and notes the World Economic Forum ranks misinformation and disinformation as the second-most severe global risk over a two-year horizon. A joint ILO–World Bank analysis estimated that 26–38% of employment across the LAC countries studied was exposed to generative AI; a March 2026 ILO brief found approximately 29% of female-dominated occupations exposed, against 16% of male-dominated occupations, and identified Caribbean and Pacific SIDS among economies where more than 40% of women’s employment was exposed. Jamaica’s global-services and BPO sector alone accounts for roughly 60,000 jobs. Seven pillars. The recommendations are organized around seven thematic pillars, each carrying a single numbered recommendation with lettered sub-items. Pillar 1 — Data, Digital Infrastructure & Compute. Harmonized data-protection and cross-border data-flow frameworks; shared distributed compute modeled on small-state approaches rather than single large facilities; climate-hardening of infrastructure investment; open standards over proprietary lock-in. Pillar 2 — Governance, Ethics & Standards. A regional framework anchored in the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, adopted unanimously by all 193 UNESCO member states in November 2021, setting minimum standards for algorithmic transparency, risk classification and public-sector procurement. The binding constraint is legal: eleven of fifteen CARICOM states have enacted data protection legislation, but Dominica, Haiti and Montserrat have none, Suriname’s remains in draft, and implementation varies widely among the rest. Pillar 3 — Economic Transformation, Innovation & Industry. Sequencing from MSME adoption toward higher-value innovation, with a staged research-to-commercialization pathway that channels a defined share of commercial returns back into upstream research. Pillar 4 — Talent & Skills. A tiered pipeline from mass AI literacy through practitioner training to specialist research scholarships, alongside transition pathways for workers in exposed occupations. Pillar 5 — Public Sector AI. Procurement and service delivery as the proving ground for governance standards, beginning with low-risk domains. The report insists AI cannot be deployed responsibly on immature digital foundations: member states should first advance interoperable DPI, digital identity, data exchange and payments. Pillar 6 — Natural Disaster & Climate Resilience. AI-enabled multi-hazard early warning led by CDEMA. Caribbean countries experience roughly ten times the global average monetary cost of climate-related damage and twenty times the global average number of climate events. Pillar 7 — Regional Leadership, Trade & Global Interoperability. The pillar addressing what the report calls the single most consequential gap it identifies. The UN General Assembly’s 2025 resolution established the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and the Global Dialogue on AI Governance; the Panel was seated in February 2026 and the Global Dialogue held its first substantive session in Geneva in July 2026, creating a near-term forum in which CARICOM can register a coordinated position. The report concludes that the choice before the Caribbean is not whether AI will transform the region, but whether that transformation occurs primarily on terms established elsewhere. Institutional anchors already exist — UWI’s Artificial Intelligence Innovation Centre, alongside capacity at the University of Trinidad and Tobago, the University of Guyana, Anton de Kom University of Suriname and the University of Technology. What is missing is the financing architecture to convert that starting point into a functioning pipeline. Implementation, the report argues, must now become the region’s priority. RESOURCES 1st CTU Caribbean Artificial Intelligence Forum (CAIF 2026) — two-day hybrid forum, 23–24 July 2026, where the Final Report was launched Caribbean Telecommunications Union — convenor of the Task Force under the CARICOM Single ICT Space mandate CTU Caribbean AI Task Force launch announcement — the one-year mandate that produced this report Artificial Intelligence Innovation Centre — UWI St. Augustine centre chaired by Task Force chair Craig Ramlal Caribbean People Shaping Caribbean AI — UWI Today profile of the AIIC and Ramlal’s regional agenda UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence — the normative anchor for the report’s Pillar 2 framework Caribbean Artificial Intelligence Policy Roadmap — UNESCO prior work built on 1,000+ stakeholder consultations UN High-Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence — source of the four-gap diagnostic framework adapted in Chapter 3 Technology and Innovation Report 2025 — UNCTAD source for the AI market and patent-concentration figures Building Islands of Innovation — Startup Genome on the CARIBEquity assessment of 15 Caribbean ecosystems Share Discussion about this post Comments Restacks Top Latest Discussions No posts Ready for more? 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### VOL. 64 Caroni, Trinidad, Wednesday 20th August, 2025—Price $1.00 NO. 125 ## (EXTRAORDINARY) 1062 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX–July, 2025 (Base: January, 2015 = 100) THE following Memorandum on the Consumer Price Index (formerly referred to as The Index of Retail Prices) is published for general information. BRUCE SPENCER Acting Director of Statistics GENERAL INDEX The Rate of Inflation, which measures the percentage change in the All Items Index for the month of July, 2025 over July, 2024, was 1.5%. This rate is more than that observed for the period July, 2024 over the period July, 2023, which was 0.3%. The All Items Index calculated from the prices collected for the month of July, 2025 was 125.7, representing an increase of 0.1 point or 0.1% above the All Items Index for June, 2025. SECTION INDICES FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES The Index for Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages decreased from 155.5 in June, 2025 to 154.6 in July, 2025, reflecting a decrease of 0.6%. Contributing significantly to this decrease was the general downward movement in the prices of fresh whole chickens, cucumber, fresh carite, irish potatoes, parboiled rice, garlic, sweet potatoes, soya bean oil, fresh steak and hot peppers. However, the full impact of these price decreases was offset by the general increase in the prices of tomatoes, ochroes, melongene, green sweet pepper, eddoes, melon, pumpkin, carbonated soft drink, oranges and pimento. Price changes in this section for the month of July, 2025 accounted for a net overall decrease of 0.2 points. OTHER SECTIONS A further review of the data for July, 2025 compared with June, 2025 reflected decreases in the sub-indices for Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 0.2% and Clothing and Footwear of 0.6%. This period also showed increases in the the sub-indices for Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 0.2%, Furnishings, Household Equipment and Routine Maintenance of the House 0.8%, Health 0.8%, Transport 0.2%, Recreation and Culture 0.7%, Hotels, Cafés and Restaurants 0.1% and Miscellaneous Goods and Services 0.5%. Changes in consumer prices in July, 2025 compared with those of July, 2024 reflected in various sections of the Index are shown hereunder– Sections Percentage Change July, 2024—July, 2025 All Items 1.5 Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 3.3 Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco 1.2 Clothing and Footwear 0.2 Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 0.4 Home Ownership 0.5 Rent 1.2 Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels 0.0 Furnishings, Household Equipment and Routine Maintenance of the House 1.5 Health 1.9 Transport 0.6 Communication 0.3 Recreation and Culture 2.4 Education 0.0 Hotels, Cafés and Restaurants 1.0 Miscellaneous Goods and Services 1.5 ] .egnahc eman eht yb detceffanu era dehsilbup ylsuoiverp seulav xednI ehT 5 .70 3.2 yb esab wen eht fo x ednI smetI llA eht ylp itlum ,level sme tI llA eht ta ,)001 = 5102 yraun aJ( esab wen eht ot )0 01 = 3002 yr aunaJ( esab dlo ro suoiverp eht kn il oT :ETON 2 1.721 1. 141 5.201 9.121 2.021 8. 621 1.951 0.311 7.001 9.211 8.511 6.311 9.78 6.921 6.451 7.521 y luJ 0 5.621 0. 141 5.201 1.121 2.021 6. 621 9.751 1.211 7.001 8.211 5.511 4.311 4.88 8.921 5.551 6.521 en uJ 2 5.621 0. 141 5.201 1.121 2.021 6. 621 9.751 1.211 7.001 8.211 5.511 4.311 5.88 6.921 4.351 3.521 y aM , 5.621 0. 0 141 5.201 1.121 2.021 6. 621 0.851 1.211 7.001 8.211 5.511 4.311 6.88 0.031 9.251 2.521 lirpA 3.621 1. 041 5.201 0.121 2.021 1. 621 5.751 5.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 6.88 1.921 4.351 0.521 hcraM 2 t 3.621 1. 041 5.201 0.121 2.021 1. 621 5.751 5.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 8.88 2.921 7.351 0.521 yra urbeF s 3.621 1.041 5.201 0.121 2.021 1.621 4.751 5.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 9.88 3.921 2.351 9.421 yraunaJ 5202 u g 8.521 9. 931 5.201 6.021 2.021 0 .621 3.751 9.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 6.88 9.821 4.251 7.421 r ebmeceD 5 u 8.521 9. 2 931 5.201 6.021 2.021 0. 621 0.751 9.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 5.88 5.921 6.151 6.421 rebm evoN 0 8.521 9. 2 931 5.201 6.021 2.021 0 .621 8.651 9.211 7.001 0.211 7.411 7.211 3.88 7.921 8.051 4.421 rebotcO [A 2.521 7. – 931 5.201 1.911 9.911 0 .621 7.651 3.111 7.001 6.111 2.511 1.311 5.78 1.921 2.051 1.421 rebm etpeS O 2.521 7 G .931 5.201 1.911 9 .911 0 .621 4.651 3.111 7.001 6.111 2.511 1.311 7.78 7.821 2.941 9.321 tsugu A A 2.521 7. B 931 5.201 1.911 9.911 0. 621 1.651 3.111 7.001 6.111 2.511 1.311 7.78 1.821 6.941 9.321 y luJ O 1.521 5. T 831 5.201 6.811 8.911 6. 621 0.651 8.311 7.001 5.111 4.411 4.211 6.78 0.621 6.841 7.321 en uJ 1.521 5. 831 5.201 6.811 8.911 6. 621 0.651 8.311 7.001 5.111 4.411 4.211 4.88 8.521 4.741 D 6.321 y aM N 1.521 5. A 831 5.201 6.811 8.911 6. 621 9.551 8.311 7.001 5.111 4.411 4.211 7.88 9.521 1.641 4.321 lirpA E 2.421 6. 831 D 5.201 5.221 8.711 8. 621 9.451 4.311 7.001 1.111 0.611 7.311 9.88 7.521 2.641 8.321 hcraM T A 2.421 6. 831 5.201 5.221 8.711 8. 621 8.451 4.311 7.001 1.111 0.611 7.311 1.98 4.421 9.741 1.421 yra urbeF D I e T 2.421 6.831 5.201 5.221 8.711 8.621 9.451 4.311 7.001 1.111 0.611 7.311 2.98 2.421 4.741 0.421 yraunaJ 4202 IN t t E R e z T a Z 8.321 3. g 731 5.201 0.321 4.411 2 .721 1.351 7.511 7.001 9.011 8.611 4.411 3.88 4.421 3.741 1.421 r ebmeceD F - O e A 8.321 3. / 731 5.201 0.321 4.411 2. 721 0.351 7.511 7.001 9.011 8.611 4.411 5.88 1.521 0.741 0.421 rebm evoN t 8.321 3. C t . 731 I 5.201 0.321 4.411 2 .721 0.351 7.511 7.001 9.011 8.611 4.411 7.88 5.421 2.741 1.421 rebotcO G 8.221 5. L v 531 5.201 0.221 6.011 9 .621 4.541 8.611 7.001 4.011 8.611 2.411 0.09 9.321 2.841 6.321 rebm etpeS B o g 8.221 5 U . .531 5.201 0.221 6 .011 9 .621 5.541 8.611 7.001 4.011 8.611 2.411 6.09 5.321 0.741 4.321 tsugu A P y O 8.221 5. E r 531 5.201 0.221 6.011 9. 621 2.541 8.611 7.001 4.011 8.611 2.411 7.09 8.321 5.741 5.321 y luJ R e t G 3.221 9. ,n 431 5.201 9.021 4.011 1. 721 8.441 1.611 7.001 4.901 8.611 3.411 6.98 2.321 3.541 9.221 en uJ I i r A 3.221 9. N 431 5.201 9.021 4.011 1. 721 6.441 1.611 7.001 4.901 8.611 3.411 9.98 1.321 0.341 5.221 y aM p O R t B 3.221 9. 431 5.201 9.021 4.011 1. 721 5.441 1.611 7.001 4.901 8.611 3.411 4.09 6.221 5.441 8.221 lirpA A a 6.121 6. 231 5.201 7.811 1.011 1. 621 5.341 2.511 7.001 6.901 9.711 0.511 9.19 1.121 1.641 8.221 hcraM C e O 6.121 6. n , i 231 5.201 7.811 1.011 1. 621 9.341 2.511 7.001 6.901 9.711 0.511 9.19 6.811 8.741 1.321 yra urbeF R l T 6.121 6.231 5.201 7.811 1.011 1.621 5.341 2.511 7.001 6.901 9.711 0.511 1.29 2.811 3.051 6.321 yraunaJ 3202 E n T o IN e l D R b P a l i N 5.621 6.041 5.201 2.121 2.021 4.621 9.751 4.211 7.001 5.211 2.511 1.311 5.88 5.921 8.351 2.521 5202 yluJ - yraunaJ T a N v A E a 7.421 7.831 5.201 3.021 0.911 6.621 5.551 3.311 7.001 3.111 2.511 1.311 5.88 7.521 6.741 8.321 4202 yluJ - yraunaJ M o N s l R D E a 1.221 0.431 5.201 1.021 3.011 6.621 3.441 8.511 7.001 6.901 3.711 6.411 9.09 5.121 4.641 0.321 3202 yluJ - yraunaJ V s i A O e G t t D egarevA e E z I H a 58 52 01 66 54 741 14 76 06 22 391 572 75 9 371 0001 sthgieW T G Y s i I sleuF rehtO B esuoH eht fo h R dna saG pihsrenwo D T secivreS stnaruatseR ecnanetniaM ,yticirtcelE tneR latoT T emoH raewtooF occaboT segareveB E 001= dna sdooG dna noitacudE erutluC dna noitacinummoC tropsnarT htlaeH enituoR dna cilohoclA H ,retaW suoenallecsiM noitaerceR dna tnempiuqE dna segareveB noN 5102 naJ S I doireP L sefaC ,sletoH dlohesuoH gnihtolC cilohoclA dna dooF smetI llA B U ,sgnihsinruF sleuF rehtO P dna saG ,yticirtcelE ,retaW ,gnisuoH D N secidnI noitceS A )gA( scitsitatS fo rotceriD - recnepS ecurB D E 5202 yluJ rof serugiF T SECIDNI NOIT5C2E0S2 D,yNlAu JX ErDofN sI eLrAuRgEiFNEG IN R P noitamrofni lareneg rof dehsilbup si )secirP liaSteERC foI DxeNdnII e hNTO saI oTt CdeErrSefe rD ylNreAmro Xf( ExeDdnNI eIc irLPA reRmEusNnoEC Geht no mudnaromem gniwollof ehT d e u scitsitatS fo rotceriD gnitcA n i t RECNEPS ECURB n o C :noitamrofni lareneg rof dehsilbup si )secirP liateR fo xednI ehT sa ot derrefer ylremrof( xednI ecirP remusnoC eht no mudnaromem gniwollof ehT 4 4 – 2 1 6 ) 0 001= 5102 ,yraunaJ :esaB( 2 1 XEDNI ECIRP REMUSNOC